Since the 1950s, more effective antifungal drugs such as griseofulvin have been successfully studied. Flucytosine was introduced in the 1960s, and the antibacterial spectrum was limited to Candida and Cryptococcus, and was only used in combination with amphotericin B (AmB). The new century of antifungal treatment is azoles, which reduce toxicity and improve antifungal efficacy. The first drug is clotrimazole, which is only used for local mucosal and cutaneous Candida infections; the second is miconazole, which is currently used only locally. It was not until the mid-1970s that the development of ketoconazole was successful, oral administration was effective against deep fungal infections, and the antibacterial spectrum was broad and the toxicity was reduced. It was regarded as a revolution in the development of antifungal drugs. However, severe patients cannot be absorbed orally, the central nervous system has poor penetrability and insufficient antifungal activity, and severe hepatotoxicity limits its clinical use. The improvement of antibacterial spectrum and bioavailability of itraconazole and fluconazole, which were successively developed in the late 1980s, is more prominent, and their emergence marks the beginning of a new era of antifungal therapy. Still, none of the drugs are absolutely fungicidal. In recent years, the increasing number of drug-resistant strains, combined with the limitations of drug toxicity, has faced many challenges in the treatment of fungal infections. The currently promising drugs are drugs that inhibit membrane ergosterol synthesis and interfere with cell wall 0-glucan synthesis, such as fluconazole, itraconazole, and ciliary fungi. In addition, those old drugs with strong antibacterial and toxic effects are constantly improving. The combination of two drugs is also the direction of antifungal treatment.
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Amino compound
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Oxy-containing amino compound
Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof
Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts
Amide compound
Sulfonic acid amino compound
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Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives
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2-cycloalcohol
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols
Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols
Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Acyclic alcohol
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Nitrogen-containing compound
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Nitrile compound
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Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
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Terpenoid
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Ether compounds and their derivatives
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Ether, ether alcohol
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
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Aldehyde
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Carboxylic compounds and derivatives
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Cyclic carboxylic acid
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides
Carboxylic acid halide
Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives
Acyclic carboxylic acid
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Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives
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Aromatic hydrocarbon
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon sulfonate
Hydrocarbon halide
Hydrocarbon nitrite
Acyclic hydrocarbon
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Ketone compound
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Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
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Inorganic acid ester
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Heterocyclic compound
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Diazo, azo or azo compound
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Organosilicon compound
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Organometallic compound
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Organic palladium
Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc.
Organic calcium
Zirconium
Organic potassium
Organic
Organic lithium
Organic
Organic aluminum
Organotin
Organic manganese
Organic sodium
Organic nickel
Organic titanium
Organic iron
Organic copper
Organotin
Organic zinc
Organic
Organic
Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc.
Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
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Organic sulfur compound
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Organic phosphine compound
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Organometallic salt
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Organic fluorine compound
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Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluorobenzonitrile series
Fluorobenzaldehyde series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluoroanisole series
Fluoroaniline series
Fluorophenylacetic acid series
Fluorophenol series
Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluoronitrobenzene series
Fluoropyridine series
Potassium fluoroborate series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluorotoluene series
Fluorine red series
Fluoroethane series
Fluoropropane series