Oligosaccharides are also called oligosaccharides. A linear or branched chain saccharide compound formed by linking 2 to 10 identical or different monosaccharide units through a glycosidic bond. The physical and chemical properties of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides are very similar. They are all soluble in water. Many oligosaccharides have a sweet taste and can be oxidized by Ferien's solution. The only difference is that they produce less than ten monosaccharide molecules after hydrolysis. According to the number of monosaccharide units, it is divided into disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides and pentasaccharides. The monosaccharides constituting the oligosaccharide may be the same or different, and are different from the general glycosides in that their ligands are also sugars. For example, sucrose is a disaccharide, raffinose is a trisaccharide, stachyose is a tetrasaccharide, and mullein is a pentasaccharide. Soluble in water or other polar solvents, with reducing and non-reducing properties. In vivo, it is synthesized step by step from monosaccharides or by degradation of polysaccharides. The structural polysaccharides in the plant cell wall degrade into a variety of biologically active fragments when the pathogen invades, called oligosaccharin, which protects and regulates plants. The most common trisaccharide is raffinose, which is found in both sugar beet and cottonseed. The syrup obtained when sugar is used to make sucrose is the best raw material for extracting raffinose. After the hydrolysis of raffinose, one molecule of galactose, glucose and fructose is obtained. Raffinose is a non-reducing sugar. The glucose and fructose in the molecule are combined with the hydroxyl group of the hemiacetal. The galactose and glucose are a 1,6 glycosidic bond. The order of binding can be expressed as follows: galactose-- (1->6)--Glucose--(1->2)--fructose. Stachyose is a more important tetrasaccharide in nature. It is formed by attaching a 6→1 glycosidic bond to a galactose on galactose in the raffinose molecule. In the same manner, α, D galactose can be attached one by one to form a pentasaccharide, hexasaccharide or heptasaccharide equivalent. Stachyose and its homologues are all antifreeze substances of plants.
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Amino compound
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Oxy-containing amino compound
Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof
Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts
Amide compound
Sulfonic acid amino compound
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Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives
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2-cycloalcohol
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols
Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols
Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Acyclic alcohol
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Nitrogen-containing compound
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Nitrile compound
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Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
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Terpenoid
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Ether compounds and their derivatives
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Ether, ether alcohol
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
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Aldehyde
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Carboxylic compounds and derivatives
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Cyclic carboxylic acid
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides
Carboxylic acid halide
Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives
Acyclic carboxylic acid
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Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives
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Aromatic hydrocarbon
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon sulfonate
Hydrocarbon halide
Hydrocarbon nitrite
Acyclic hydrocarbon
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Ketone compound
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Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
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Inorganic acid ester
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Heterocyclic compound
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Diazo, azo or azo compound
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Organosilicon compound
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Organometallic compound
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Organic palladium
Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc.
Organic calcium
Zirconium
Organic potassium
Organic
Organic lithium
Organic
Organic aluminum
Organotin
Organic manganese
Organic sodium
Organic nickel
Organic titanium
Organic iron
Organic copper
Organotin
Organic zinc
Organic
Organic
Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc.
Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
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Organic sulfur compound
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Organic phosphine compound
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Organometallic salt
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Organic fluorine compound
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Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluorobenzonitrile series
Fluorobenzaldehyde series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluoroanisole series
Fluoroaniline series
Fluorophenylacetic acid series
Fluorophenol series
Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluoronitrobenzene series
Fluoropyridine series
Potassium fluoroborate series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluorotoluene series
Fluorine red series
Fluoroethane series
Fluoropropane series