Angiotensin converting enzyme and receptor inhibitor

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important body fluid regulation system in the human body. RAS exists in both the circulatory system and in the tissues of the blood vessel wall, heart, central, kidney, and adrenal glands, and participates in the regulation of target organs. Under normal circumstances, it plays an important role in the normal development of the cardiovascular system, cardiovascular homeostasis, maintenance of electrolyte and fluid balance, and regulation of blood pressure. The traditional concept is that renin in the circulatory system mainly comes from the kidney. It is an acidic protease synthesized and secreted by renal mesangial cells. It enters the blood circulation through the renal vein to initiate the chain reaction of RAS. When renal blood perfusion is reduced by various reasons, renin secretion is increased; when the concentration of Na+ in plasma is decreased, renin secretion is also increased. With the extensive application of molecular biology techniques in the past decade, scholars such as Dzau et al found that there are renin and vascular tension in various organ tissues such as myocardium, vascular smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, and gonads. The gene expression of primogen, and these tissues are rich in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptors, thus confirming the relative existence of cardiovascular tissues and other organs in addition to systemic RAS. Independent local RAS, which directly regulate cardiovascular activity through paracrine and/or autocrine methods. There is increasing evidence that this local RAS plays a more direct and important physiological and pathological role in the regulation of cardiovascular activity than circulating RAS.