Nitrofuran

The basic structure of the furan antibacterial agent is to introduce a nitro group at the 5th position of the furan nucleus and introduce other groups at the second position. These drugs have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have strong antibacterial and bactericidal effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but have poor efficacy against Azotobacter, Proteus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Diphtheria, and are less effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. . Resistance is generally less likely to occur. Its mechanism of action, which has not yet been fully elucidated, may be the inhibition of acetyl-CoA and interfere with the early stages of bacterial glucose metabolism. Its neurotoxicity to humans may also be related to inhibition of glucose metabolism. After oral administration, the concentration of such drugs is very low, and it is difficult to achieve an effective antibacterial concentration. Most of them are excreted in the urine, so they are mostly used as a local and urinary system for disinfection. Commonly used are nitrofurazone, furazolidone and nitrofurantoin. Although oral administration can be absorbed, most of them are quickly destroyed in the body. It is not used to treat systemic infections because it does not reach an effective concentration. It is toxic to animals.