Neuronal Signaling

The neural signal of the human body directly represents the meaning of the human body. The study of neural signals provides a way to understand and recognize the human body. The nerve signal has the same characteristics as the other biological signals of the human body, and has its own unique features. According to neurobiology research, the neural signal is a pulse-like electrical signal with a frequency of about 1 kHz and a high frequency of 10 kHz. For example, a bunch of motor nerves that control muscles, when an impulse potential signal arrives, the muscle fibers contract, and the strength of the contraction differs according to the frequency of nerve impulses. Learning and memory are an important area of research, not only because they govern the normal behavior of humans, but also because they play an important role in the diseases and disorders of the nervous system, including addiction, anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. And neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. At present, there is no obvious effect on the treatment of learning and memory impairment. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies are very interested in certain drug targets that can improve cognitive function, including specific serotonin or serotonin receptors. The serotonin system is dominated by specific brain regions that play important regulatory roles in memory and learning. This innervation is associated with the expression of a series of serotonin receptors (drug targets for serotonin). An important feature of the serotonin system is the extensive nature of the forebrain innervation, which stems from the diversity of discrete clusters located in the nucleus and its receptors. It has up to 14 receptors, including 5-HT1A,5 - HT4 and 5-HT6, and these receptors are densely present in brain regions associated with learning and memory, and have an impact on human cognitive impairment. In addition, selective agonist and/or antagonist compounds can act on clinical behavioral patterns by acting on these three receptors located at the postsynaptic. The combination of these compounds with receptors can also modulate the neurotransmitter system, affecting learning and memory, rather than altering the release of 5-HT. GluR-related chemicals are very popular. Ampakines, a pyrrolidone derivative, acts on the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, and its up-regulation may enhance synaptic plasticity. Early clinical studies have shown that ampakines may have an effect on schizophrenia. Similarly, D-serine and D-cycloserine stimulate glycine co-agonist sites on the NMDA receptor that are not sensitive to strychnine and also enhance NMDA receptor activity. This agent can improve conditioned reflexes in clinical fear and can moderately improve negative reactions and cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. Dopamine receptors are a research hotspot in the field of neurology and psychiatry. Receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5) are associated with the physiological function of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopaminergic neurotransmission has been studied for Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Huntington's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome. The goals of neurological and psychiatric research also include H3 receptor antagonists, COX receptors, γ-secretion, Glu receptors, adrenergic receptors, acetylcholine receptors, P-gp, P2 receptors and opioid receptors.