Dyes are substances that can make other substances (mainly such as fibers and their products) obtain color, mainly organic matter, and ancient paints are extracted from animals and plants. China is one of the first countries in the world to use natural dyes. More than 4,000 years ago, silkworm silk was raised and dyed in various colors. Indigo, alizarin, gallnut and carmine are the first natural dyes used in ancient China. The industrial production of modern organic dyes is only over 100 years old. The first synthetic dye, aniline violet, was synthesized by the British chemist Perkin in 1856 for the dyeing of wool and silk. In 1901, the German chemist Penn invented the reducing blue (the so-called indanthrene), which is a strong dye for cotton. In 1956, reactive dyes appeared again. Since the 1960s, with the emergence of a large number of synthetic fibers, the development of various types of dyes has been promoted. Up to now, more than 1,000 dyes have been practically used, almost all of which have replaced natural dyes. Dyes can be classified into azo dyes, carbonyl dyes, reactive dyes, aromatic methane dyes and phthalocyanine dyes according to their structure; they can be classified into acid dyes, direct dyes, solvent dyes, vat dyes and disperse dyes according to the application method. A solvent dye refers to a dye that is insoluble in water and soluble in an organic solvent. According to the type of solvent, it can be divided into: (1) A series. A dye that can be dissolved in alcohols, which has a bright color and is generally used for dyeing alcohols. (2) O series. A dye that can be dissolved in oils and oils and organic solvents, and is mainly used for coloring oils and fats. (3) W series. A special dye for paraffin coloring.
-
Amino compound
>
-
Oxy-containing amino compound
Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof
Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts
Amide compound
Sulfonic acid amino compound
-
Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives
>
-
2-cycloalcohol
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols
Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols
Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Acyclic alcohol
-
Nitrogen-containing compound
-
-
Nitrile compound
-
-
Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
-
-
Terpenoid
-
-
Ether compounds and their derivatives
>
-
Ether, ether alcohol
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
-
Aldehyde
-
-
Carboxylic compounds and derivatives
>
-
Cyclic carboxylic acid
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides
Carboxylic acid halide
Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives
Acyclic carboxylic acid
-
Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives
>
-
Aromatic hydrocarbon
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon sulfonate
Hydrocarbon halide
Hydrocarbon nitrite
Acyclic hydrocarbon
-
Ketone compound
-
-
Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
-
-
Inorganic acid ester
-
-
Heterocyclic compound
-
-
Diazo, azo or azo compound
-
-
Organosilicon compound
-
-
Organometallic compound
>
-
Organic palladium
Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc.
Organic calcium
Zirconium
Organic potassium
Organic
Organic lithium
Organic
Organic aluminum
Organotin
Organic manganese
Organic sodium
Organic nickel
Organic titanium
Organic iron
Organic copper
Organotin
Organic zinc
Organic
Organic
Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc.
Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
-
Organic sulfur compound
-
-
Organic phosphine compound
-
-
Organometallic salt
-
-
Organic fluorine compound
>
-
Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluorobenzonitrile series
Fluorobenzaldehyde series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluoroanisole series
Fluoroaniline series
Fluorophenylacetic acid series
Fluorophenol series
Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluoronitrobenzene series
Fluoropyridine series
Potassium fluoroborate series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluorotoluene series
Fluorine red series
Fluoroethane series
Fluoropropane series