The pancreas is one of the largest digestive glands in the human body and has both endocrine and exocrine functions. Islet is a group of cells scattered between the pancreatic acinar, and the number from the head of the pancreas to the tail of the pancreas gradually increases. There are four different types of cells in the islets. A cell: secretes glucagon; B cells: smaller than A cells, secretes insulin, proinsulin and C peptide; D cells: secretes growth hormone releasing inhibitory hormone and vasopressin; F cells: secretes pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis, inhibits glycogenolysis, inhibits gluconeogenesis and promotes sugar utilization; promotes fat synthesis, inhibits lipolysis; promotes protein synthesis, inhibits protein breakdown; promotes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) And the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). C peptide (CP) has no biological activity and is one of the indicators for islet function. The physiological role of proinsulin is similar to that of insulin, but its intensity is weaker than that of insulin. Glucagon promotes the decomposition of substances, ensures the energy supply of tissues between meals, promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis, raises blood sugar, promotes fat breakdown, inhibits gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and increases bile and intestinal fluid secretion. Stimulates the secretion of insulin and growth hormone, stimulates the secretion of calcitonin and thyroxine. Insulin antibodies have the effect of neutralizing blood insulin, delaying the degradation of insulin and activating complement. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has the effects of inhibiting gallbladder contraction, reducing bile excretion, inhibiting pancreatic enzyme release, and inhibiting secretion of motilin.
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Amino compound
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Oxy-containing amino compound
Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof
Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts
Amide compound
Sulfonic acid amino compound
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Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives
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2-cycloalcohol
Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols
Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols
Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Acyclic alcohol
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Nitrogen-containing compound
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Nitrile compound
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Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
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Terpenoid
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Ether compounds and their derivatives
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Ether, ether alcohol
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
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Aldehyde
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Carboxylic compounds and derivatives
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Cyclic carboxylic acid
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids
Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides
Carboxylic acid halide
Carboxylic esters and their derivatives
Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives
Acyclic carboxylic acid
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Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives
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Aromatic hydrocarbon
Cyclic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon sulfonate
Hydrocarbon halide
Hydrocarbon nitrite
Acyclic hydrocarbon
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Ketone compound
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Alkyl ureas and their derivatives and salts
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Inorganic acid ester
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Heterocyclic compound
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Diazo, azo or azo compound
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Organosilicon compound
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Organometallic compound
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Organic palladium
Organic germanium, cobalt, strontium, barium, gallium, germanium, germanium, germanium, germanium, etc.
Organic calcium
Zirconium
Organic potassium
Organic
Organic lithium
Organic
Organic aluminum
Organotin
Organic manganese
Organic sodium
Organic nickel
Organic titanium
Organic iron
Organic copper
Organotin
Organic zinc
Organic
Organic
Organic germanium, mercury, silver, platinum, etc.
Organic germanium, antimony, bismuth, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, lead, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, antimony, etc.
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Organic sulfur compound
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Organic phosphine compound
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Organometallic salt
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Organic fluorine compound
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Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluorobenzonitrile series
Fluorobenzaldehyde series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluoroanisole series
Fluoroaniline series
Fluorophenylacetic acid series
Fluorophenol series
Fluorobenzoic acid series
Fluoronitrobenzene series
Fluoropyridine series
Potassium fluoroborate series
Fluorobenzyl alcohol series
Fluorotoluene series
Fluorine red series
Fluoroethane series
Fluoropropane series