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320-67-2

320-67-2 structure
320-67-2 structure

Name 5-azacytidine
Synonyms Vidaza
4-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydrofuran-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one
EINECS 206-280-2
[14C]-Azacitidine
5 AZC
4-Amino-1-b-D-ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazine-2(1H)-one
5-AZCR
1,3,5-Triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-
5'-azacytidine
azacytidine
Ladakamycin
Azacitidine
AzGR
5-Azacytidine
4-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one
5-AC
4-amino-1-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one
5-AC-15N4
4-Amino-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one
4-Amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one
L-β-Ribofuranosyl-5-azacytosine
4-Amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-on
1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-amino-1-b-D-ribofuranosyl-
mylosar
Azacytidine, 5-
MFCD00006539
5-AZAC
Description 5-Azacytidine is a nucleoside analogue of cytidine that specifically inhibits DNA methylation by trapping DNA methyltransferases.
Related Catalog
Target

DNMT1

Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog

Autophagy

In Vitro Unmethylated CpG islands associated with a variety of genes become partially or fully methylated in tumors and can be reactivated by 5-Azacytidine[1]. 5-Azacytidine acts as weak inducers of erythroid differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells in the same concentration range where they affect DNA methyltransferase activity[2]. 5-Azacytidine inhibits L1210 cells with ID50 and ID90 values of 0.019 and circa 0.15 μg/mL, respectively[3].
In Vivo TdR-3H incorporation is significantly inhibited when the animals are exposed to 5-Azacitidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 hr or longer[3].
Kinase Assay A crude cell-free extract is isolated from LI 210 cells in culture by suspension of the cells in a given volume of 0.05mol/LTris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, and sonic extraction with a Biosonik at 70% maximal output for 30 sec. The supernatant is collected after centrifugation at 105,000 × g for 60 min (4°C) in a Model L Spinco ultracentrifuge. The final protein concentration of the cell-free extracts is approximately 3 mg/mL. The extracts are used as the source of enzymes. Ribonucleotide reductase activity is measured. A unit of enzyme is defined as the amount that catalyzed dCMP synthesis at a rate of 1 mμmole/hr. The assay systems for the measurement of pyrimidine nucleoside (CR) and deoxynucleoside (TdR, CdR) kinases are essentially those described by Chu and Fischer. However, reactions are terminated by heating for 2 min in a boiling water bath, and the phosphorylated derivatives are isolated according to the method of Bach. Fifty-jul aliquots are applied to 1-inch discs of diethylaminoethyl paper, which are then placed in counting vials and eluted with 0.5 mL of 0.5 mol/LPCA. After 1 hr, 12 mL of Diotol are added, and the radioactivity is determined.
Cell Assay Twenty mL of cells (circa 1×104 cells/mL) are pipetted into sterilized culture tubes with screw caps and incubated at 37°C overnight. The experiment is initiated by the addition of 1 mL of 5-Azacytidine (5-azaCR) or medium for a given period (from 0 to 240 min) prior to the addition of 1 mL of metabolite (or medium). Cell growth is determined twice a day for 3 days by means of a Model A Coulter counter. To determine IDSO and ID90 values, 5 mL of L1210 cells (5×103 cells/mL) are incubated with the drug at 37°C for 3 days, and cell growth is determined.
Animal Admin For the in vivo experiments, leukemic mice (bearing circa 1×103 cells/animal) are given injections i.p. with 0.2 mL of 5-Azacytidine (5-azaCR) of a given concentration. Two hr later, the reaction is started by injecting 0.5 mL of labeled metabolite (TdR-3H or UR-3H, 10 /μCi/12.5 μg). After 1 hr, animals (3 mice/group) are killed by cervical fracture, and the ascites are treated with heparin, collected, pooled, and then centrifuged immediately in a Sorvall refrigerated centrifuge Model R2C-B at 800×g for 10 min (4°C).
References

[1]. Christman JK. 5-Azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine as inhibitors of DNA methylation: mechanistic studies and their implications for cancer therapy. Oncogene. 2002 Aug 12;21(35):5483-95.

[2]. Creusot F, et al. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and induction of Friend erythroleukemia cell differentiation by 5-azacytidineand 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. J Biol Chem. 1982 Feb 25;257(4):2041-8.

[3]. Li LH,et al. Cytotoxicity and mode of action of 5-azacytidine on L1210 leukemia. Cancer Res. 1970 Nov;30(11):2760-9.

Density 2.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 534.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 226-232 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Molecular Formula C8H12N4O5
Molecular Weight 244.205
Flash Point 277.0±32.9 °C
Exact Mass 244.080765
PSA 143.72000
LogP -1.99
Vapour Pressure 0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.823
Water Solubility 0.5-1.0 g/100 mL at 21 ºC

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
XZ3017500
CHEMICAL NAME :
1,3,5-Triazin-2(1H)-one, 4-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
320-67-2
LAST UPDATED :
199801
DATA ITEMS CITED :
87
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C8-H12-N4-O5
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
244.24
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T6NVN ENJ DZ A- BT5OTJ CQ DQ E1Q

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Rinsed with water
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
6 mg/kg/10D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - leukopenia Blood - agranulocytosis
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
572 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
68 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
229 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
7200 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - quail
DOSE/DURATION :
>100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - wild bird species
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
32500 ug/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION :
30800 ug/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
180 mg/kg/9W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - leukopenia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
190 mg/kg/38W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - testicular tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg/50W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Skin and Appendages - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1 mg/kg female 16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
284 mg/kg/43W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg/50W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
90 mg/kg/8W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1 mg/kg female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
1 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
600 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
4 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
450 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
5 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
1 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
2 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
2 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
DOSE :
500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
DOSE :
100 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Parenteral
DOSE :
500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
4 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)
TYPE OF TEST :
Specific locus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Gene conversion and mitotic recombination
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION :
400 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
CGCGBR Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.12- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,71,1986 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,37,1981 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,47,1990 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,37,1981 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,47,1990 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,47,1990 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5101 No. of Facilities: 88 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 1069 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 698 (estimated)
Symbol GHS07 GHS08
GHS07, GHS08
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H302-H350
Precautionary Statements P201-P308 + P313
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Hazard Codes T:Toxic
Risk Phrases R45;R46;R22
Safety Phrases S53-S22-S36/37/39-S45
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 3
RTECS XZ3017500
HS Code 2934999090

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320-67-2 structure

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Literature: ScinoPharm Taiwan Ltd. Patent: US2010/36112 A1, 2010 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 7 ;

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Literature: Ionescu, Dumitru; Blumbergs, Peter Patent: US2004/186283 A1, 2004 ; Location in patent: Page 8 ;

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Literature: SICOR INC.; BIGATTI, Ettore; LUX, Giovanna; PAIOCCHI, Maurizio; GIOLITO, Andrea; TOSI, Simone Patent: WO2010/17374 A1, 2010 ; Location in patent: Page/Page column 18 ;

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Literature: EP2371825 A1, ; Page/Page column 9 ;

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Literature: EP2371825 A1, ; Page/Page column 9 ;

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Literature: US2014/135490 A1, ; Page/Page column ;

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Literature: Vujjini, Satish Kumar; Varanasi, Ganesh; Arevelli, Srinivas; Kandala, Sreenatha Charyulu; Tirumalaraju, Satyanarayana Raju; Bandichhor, Rakeshwar; Kagga, Mukkanti; Cherukupally, Praveen Organic Process Research and Development, 2013 , vol. 17, # 2 p. 303 - 306

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Literature: WO2009/16617 A2, ; Page/Page column 15-16 ;

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Literature: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , vol. 70, # 11 p. 1228 - 1232
HS Code 2934999090
Summary 2934999090. other heterocyclic compounds. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%