20830-81-3

• 常用中文名：柔红霉素
• 常用英文名：Daunorubicin
• CAS号：20830-81-3
• 分子式：C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₀
• 分子量：527.520
• 相关类别： 原料药 抗肿瘤药 抗生素类抗肿瘤药
• 发布时间：2018-08-22 17:07:15
• 更新时间：2024-01-03 00:56:59
• Daunorubicin(RP13057)能抑制DNA和RNA合成,对DNA合成的Ki为0.02 μM。

名称

• 中文名: 道诺霉素
• 英文名: daunorubicin
• 中文别名: 柔红霉素; 红保霉素
• 英文别名: (1S,3S)-3-acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-(methyloxy)-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside; DAUNOMYCIN; daunamycin; 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-, (8S-cis)-; (1S,3S)-3-Acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydro-1-tetracenyl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside; (8S-cis)-8-Acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro--6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione; daunoxome; (8S-cis)-8-Acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-a-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione; fi6339; 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-, (8S,10S)-; cerubidin; rubomycinc; 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-, (8S-cis)-; Daunorubicin; (8S,10S)-8-Acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-a-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione; (8S,10S)-8-Acetyl-10-{[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracen-5,12-dion; (8S,10S)-8-acétyl-10-{[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-méthyltétrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-méthoxy-7,8,9,10-tétrahydrotétracène-5,12-dione; EINECS 245-723-4; (8S,10S)-8-acetyl-10-{[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione; Cerubidine(R); (1S,3S)-3-Acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside; (8S,10S)-8-Acetyl-10-{[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]oxy}-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,12-tetracenedione; daunorubicinum [INN_la]; RUBIDOMYCIN

物化性质

• 密度: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
• 沸点: 770.0±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
• 熔点: 155ºC
• 分子式: C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₀
• 分子量: 527.520
• 闪点: 419.5±32.9 °C
• 精确质量: 527.179138
• PSA: 185.84000
• LogP: 2.92
• 外观性状: 橙色-红色粉末
• 蒸汽压: 0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C
• 折射率: 1.692
• 储存条件:

  放入紧密的贮藏器内

• 稳定性:

  避免接触强氧化物

• 分子结构:

  1、 摩尔折射率：129.98

  2、 摩尔体积(m³/mol)：339.4

  3、 等张比容(90.2K)：1037.9

  4、 表面张力(dyne/cm)：87.4

  5、 极化率(10-24cm³)：51.52

• 计算化学:

  1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无

  2.氢键供体数量:5

  3.氢键受体数量:11

  4.可旋转化学键数量:4

  5.互变异构体数量:54

  6.拓扑分子极性表面积186

  7.重原子数量:38

  8.表面电荷:0

  9.复杂度:960

  10.同位素原子数量:0

  11.确定原子立构中心数量:6

  12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

  13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  15.共价键单元数量:1

• 更多:

  1.性状：未确定

  2.密度（g/mL,25/4℃）：未确定

  3.相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定

  4.熔点（ºC）：未确定

  5.沸点（ºC,常压）：未确定

  6.沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定

  7.折射率：未确定

  8.闪点（ºC）：未确定

  9.比旋光度（º）：未确定

  10.自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定

  11.蒸气压（kPa,25ºC）：未确定

  12.饱和蒸气压（kPa,60ºC）：未确定

  13.燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定

  14.临界温度（ºC）：未确定

  15.临界压力（KPa）：未确定

  16.油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：未确定

  17.爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定

  18.爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定

  19.溶解性：未确定

生物活性

• 描述: Daunorubicin(RP13057)能抑制DNA和RNA合成,对DNA合成的Ki为0.02 μM。
• 相关类别:
  信号通路 >> 抗体- 药物偶联物 >> ADC细胞毒素
  信号通路 >> 自噬 >> 自噬
  研究领域 >> 癌症
  天然产物 >> 醌类
• 靶点:

  Topoisomerase II

• 体外研究: Molt-4细胞中柔红霉素(Dnr)的平均IC50值为0.04μM。柔红霉素属于蒽环霉素,一组细胞毒性化学治疗剂。蒽环霉素的细胞毒性作用是由DNA插入和通过抑制拓扑异构酶II以及产生活性氧来干扰DNA转录和复制的能力引起的[2]柔红霉素抑制HeLa细胞中DNA和RNA合成的浓度范围0.2至2μM。对于人胰腺细胞系L3.6中的柔红霉素(Dnr),IC50值为0.4μM[3]。
• 体内研究: 与对照组相比,柔红霉素组(3mg/kg,iv)中尿蛋白排泄,血清肌酐和血尿素氮(BUN)水平显着增加。与对照组相比,柔红霉素(DNR)的施用导致肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平显着增加[4]。
• 细胞实验: 使用MTT测定评估对柔红霉素的化学敏感性。简而言之，96孔板设置有初始密度为2×105个细胞/ mL的细胞，并在不存在和存在9种不同浓度的不同浓度的存在下，在5％CO 2的气氛中在37℃下孵育72小时。柔红霉素（Dnr）或Dox的范围为1.90至0.007μM，一式三份。温育后，向每个孔中加入10μLMTT溶液（5mg / mL四唑盐），并将板在37℃下再温育4小时。通过在10mM HCl溶液中加入100μL10％SDS溶解甲crystals盐晶体并在37℃下温育过夜。通过96孔酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）读板仪在540nm处用参比在650nm处测量吸光度。化学敏感性表示为IC 50，其是与没有药物生长的对照细胞相比引起50％细胞存活的药物浓度。使用Microsoft Excel [2]进行计算。
• 动物实验: 大鼠[4]使用8周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠。在开始实验之前，将动物隔离并使其适应另外2周。在第0天，每只动物以3mg / kg的剂量接受单次静脉内注射柔红霉素（iv）。柔红霉素以48小时的间隔以三次相等的注射给药，持续一周，以达到9mg / kg的累积剂量，这充分证明产生心脏毒性和肾毒性。向年龄匹配的大鼠注射相应体积的0.9％NaCl并用作对照（组对照; n = 5）。将22只DNR处理的大鼠随机分成两组，口服替米沙坦（10mg / kg /天;柔红霉素+替米沙坦组; n = 10）或载体（柔红霉素组; n = 12）。替米沙坦的剂量是根据之前的报告选择的。替米沙坦的给药在与柔红霉素给药的同一天开始，并在停止使用柔红霉素后持续另外5周（总共6周）。该研究期限是根据以前的报告选择的。在第41天，将大鼠单独置于代谢笼中以进行24小时尿液收集以测量蛋白质浓度并测量体重（BW）。在研究期结束后（6周），处死大鼠并收获肾组织用于半定量免疫印迹和免疫组织化学研究。
• 参考文献:

  [1]. Lehmann M, et al. Activity of topoisomerase inhibitors daunorubicin, idarubicin, and aclarubicin in the Drosophila Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2004;43(4):250-7.

  [2]. Svensson SP, et al. Melanin inhibits cytotoxic effects of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin in MOLT 4 cells. Pigment Cell Res. 2003 Aug;16(4):351-4.

  [3]. Gervasoni JE Jr, et al. An effective in vitro antitumor response against human pancreatic carcinoma with paclitaxel and Daunorubicin by induction of both necrosis and apoptosis. Anticancer Res. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5A):2617-26.

  [4]. Arozal W, et al. Telmisartan prevents the progression of renal injury in daunorubicin rats with the alteration of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 receptor expression associated with its PPAR-γ agonist actions. Toxicology. 2011 Jan 11;279(1-3):91-9.

毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : HB7875000 CHEMICAL NAME : Daunomycin CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 20830-81-3 LAST UPDATED : 199806 DATA ITEMS CITED : 159 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C27-H29-N-O10 MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 527.57 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : L E6 C666 BV MVT&&&J DQ HV1 HQ KQ RO1 FO- FT6OTJ B1 CQ DZ HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 6 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Cardiac - other changes TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg/30D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Cardiac - cardiomyopathy including infarction TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 336 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 33200 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 13 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - other changes Skin and Appendages - hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 205 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 2500 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Gastrointestinal - other changes TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 8600 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 24900 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 6 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 500 ug/kg/5W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 27 mg/kg/9D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg/5D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 55500 ug/kg/5D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 31000 ug/kg/2D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/kg/2W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Blood - changes in spleen Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg/10D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas Blood - leukopenia Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg/15W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - inflammation, necrosis, or scarring of bladder Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Blood - changes in spleen TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 7 mg/kg/14D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Liver - other changes Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg/27D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - leukopenia Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 51 mg/kg/9W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in platelet count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 61200 ug/kg/11W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Cardiac - EKG changes not diagnostic of specified effects Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 2200 ug/kg/7W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 6250 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 2340 ug/kg/26W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 15 gm/kg/12W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - other reproductive system tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 13 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 40 mg/kg/4W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg/12W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 16 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 7-14 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - abortion TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 9 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 7-9 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 8 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 7-14 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 4 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 6-9 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal DOSE : 16 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 6-9 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - gastrointestinal system TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous DOSE : 35 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) pre-mating female 1-21 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Maternal Effects - postpartum TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous DOSE : 2200 ug/kg SEX/DURATION : male 1 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous DOSE : 1500 ug/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - abortion TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange TYPE OF TEST : Sperm Morphology MUTATION DATA TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - cattle Sperm DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 326,185,1995 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,145,1976 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,145,1976 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 32XPAD "Teratology," Berry, C.L., and D.E. Poswillo, eds., New York, Springer, 1975 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,49,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 32XPAD "Teratology," Berry, C.L., and D.E. Poswillo, eds., New York, Springer, 1975 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,49,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,159,1973 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4587 No. of Facilities: 146 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 3047 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1170 (estimated)

安全

• 风险声明 (欧洲): R3249
• 危险品运输编码: UN 3249
• 包装等级: III
• 危险类别: 6.1(b)

合成路线

23541-50-6 ~% 20830-81-3

文献：EP2660255 A1, ; Page/Page column ;

118868-84-1 ~% 20830-81-3 21794-55-8 32469-41-3 详细

文献：Journal of the American Chemical Society, , vol. 113, # 1 p. 308 - 315

66900-32-1 ~% 20830-81-3

文献：Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, , vol. 23, # 11 p. 1166 - 1170

186653-73-6 ~% 20830-81-3

文献：Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, , vol. 7, # 8 p. 1597 - 1610

186653-79-2 ~% 20830-81-3

文献：Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, , vol. 7, # 8 p. 1597 - 1610

290304-24-4 ~% 20830-81-3 41833-13-0

文献：Tetrahedron Letters, , vol. 41, # 25 p. 4871 - 4874

上下游产品

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制备

我国由河北省正定县土壤中分离出的天蓝淡红色放线菌正定变种（Str.Coeruleorubidusuar.Zhengding)培养液提出的抗生素，与国外报道的柔红霉素是同类的物质。上述菌种在发酵过程中产生柔红霉素A,B二种组分，A为有效成分，约占30%左右。B组分的毒性比A组分大近100倍。采用氯仿等溶媒萃取，通过提炼将B组分除去