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L-谷氨酸

L-谷氨酸用途

(S)-Glutamic acid 作为一种兴奋性氨基酸神经递质,对 DA 从多巴胺能神经末梢释放的过程有激动作用。

L-谷氨酸名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
56-86-0

[ 中文名 ]:
谷氨酸

[ 英文名 ]:
L-glutamic acid

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

L-Glutamic acid
Glusate
H-L-GLU-OH
L-GLU
H-GLU-OH
GLU
L-Glutamicacid
GLUTACID
Aciglut
EINECS 200-293-7

L-谷氨酸生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

(S)-Glutamic acid 作为一种兴奋性氨基酸神经递质,对 DA 从多巴胺能神经末梢释放的过程有激动作用。

[ 相关类别 ]:

天然产物 >> 其他

研究领域 >> 神经疾病

[ 靶点 ]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[参考文献]

[1]. Giorguieff MF, et al. Presynaptic effect of L-glutamic acid on the release of dopamine in rat striatal slices. Neurosci Lett. 1977 Oct;6(1):73-7.

[相关活性小分子]

L-谷氨酸物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.4±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
333.8±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
205 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₅H₉NO₄

[ 分子量 ]:
147.129

[ 闪点 ]:
155.7±25.1 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
147.053162

[ PSA ]:
100.62000

[ LogP ]:
-1.43

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色结晶粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.522

[ 储存条件 ]:
室温

[ 水溶解性 ]:
7.5 g/L (20 ºC)

L-谷氨酸MSDS

L-谷氨酸毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LZ9700000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Glutamic acid, L-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 56-86-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199706

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 9

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C5-H9-N-O4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 147.15

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QVYZ2VQ -L

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 71 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - headache

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 117 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >30 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >2300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Human Lymphocyte

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mg/L

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 372,75,1996 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80420 No. of Facilities: 446 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 13 No. of Employees: 10592 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80420 No. of Facilities: 915 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 11240 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 5754 (estimated)

L-谷氨酸安全信息

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi: Irritant;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
36/37/38

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
LZ9700000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2922421000

L-谷氨酸合成路线

L-谷氨酸上下游产品

L-谷氨酸上游产品

L-谷氨酸下游产品

L-谷氨酸制备

1.可以采用蛋白质水解法和合成法生产谷氨酸，但发酵法是目前生产谷氨酸的主要方法。发酵生产谷氨酸的碳源是薯类、玉米、木薯淀粉、椰子树淀粉等淀粉的水解糖或糖蜜，也可以是乙酸、液态石蜡（C16石蜡最好）及其他石油化工产品，碳源用以构成微生物细胞和代谢产物中的碳架和能源的营养物质。氮源是铵盐、尿素等，氮是构成菌体细胞蛋白质和核酸等的主要元素，氮也是构成发酵产品谷氨酸氨基的主要组成元素。其他辅助原料为无机盐类，维生素等，例如微生物需要适宜的磷浓度，镁是刺激菌体生长的无机激活剂，钾盐促进产酸，玉米浆提供生物素和有机氮源。此外还包括各种促进剂和添加剂。生产菌是短杆菌（Brevibacterium)、北京棒杆菌（Corynebacterium pekinensis)等。于大型发酵罐中，通气搅拌发酵，温度30-34℃，pH＞7-8，经30-40h发酵后，除去细菌，将发酵液中谷氨酸提取出来，精制后即为成品，上述流程中采用等电点法提取，也可采用离子交换法、盐酸盐法、直接浓缩法（以乙酸为原料时）等。发酵法生产的产品为左旋谷氨酸，含量大于98%。每吨谷氨酸消耗淀粉（80%）4000kg，菌种25kg。合成法的优点是不消耗粮食，但生产过程需要高压（约20MPa）、高温（120℃以上），采用有毒原料，设备投资比发酵法高出一倍，得到的消旋谷氨酸还要进拆分，生产工艺复杂。按生产1t 99%的谷氨酸钠（味精）计算，合成法消耗丙烯腈640kg，年产量在5000t以上时，生产成本与发酸法接近。
2.发酵法

3.化学合成法

4.本品主要用发酵法生产。以糖蜜或淀粉为原料，用谷氨酸棒杆菌或小球菌或节杆菌作菌种，以尿素为氮源，在30～32℃下进行发酵，发酵完毕，将发酵液分离出菌体后，用盐酸调节ph值至3.0时，作等电点提取，经分离得谷氨酸结晶，母液中的谷氨酸再经732离子交换树脂提取，经结晶、烘干，得成品。

5. 烟草：BU，22；FC，21；左旋体可由动植物蛋白质经水解后再经脱色、浓缩、结晶而得。也可由糖或淀粉用发酵法制得。外消旋体可用丙烯腈为原料合成。

L-谷氨酸海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2922421000

[ 中文概述 ]:
HS: 2922421000. 谷氨酸. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:9.0%. 监管条件:AB(入境货物通关单,出境货物通关单). 最低关税:10.0%. 普通关税:90.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 乙醇胺及其盐应报明色度, 乙醇胺及其盐应报明包装

[ 监管条件 ]: A.入境货物通关单 B.出境货物通关单

[ 检验检疫 ]: P.进境动植物、动植物产品检疫 Q.出境动植物、动植物产品检疫 M.进口商品检验

[ Summary ]:
HS: 2922421000. (s)-2-aminopentanedioic acid. VAT:17.0%. tax rebate rate:9.0%. supervision conditions:ab(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward). MFN tarrif:10.0%. general tariff:90.0%

L-谷氨酸文献

Rad23 interaction with the proteasome is regulated by phosphorylation of its ubiquitin-like (UbL) domain.

J. Mol. Biol. 426(24) , 4049-60, (2014)

Rad23 was identified as a DNA repair protein, although a role in protein degradation has been described. The protein degradation function of Rad23 contributes to cell cycle progression, stress respons...

EAAT2 (GLT-1; slc1a2) glutamate transporters reconstituted in liposomes argues against heteroexchange being substantially faster than net uptake.

J. Neurosci. 34(40) , 13472-85, (2014)

The EAAT2 glutamate transporter, accounts for >90% of hippocampal glutamate uptake. Although EAAT2 is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, ∼10% of EAAT2 molecules are found in axon terminals. Despit...

Apoptotic and neurotoxic actions of 4-para-nonylphenol are accompanied by activation of retinoid X receptor and impairment of classical estrogen receptor signaling

J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 144 Pt B , 334-47, (2014)

• Age-dependent action of nonylphenol (NP) on mouse neuronal cells was demonstrated. • Estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists potentiated the NP-induced apoptosis and toxicity. • ER agonists inhibited the...

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