Aromatase (also known as CYP19) is a member of the general class of cytochrome P450 enzymes. It catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens, which is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of estrogens in the human body.
Aromatase enzyme is expressed in ovarian granulosa cells, placental syncytiotrophoblast, adipose tissue, brain, and skin fibroblasts. The primary sources of aromatase are ovarian granulosa cells in premenopausal women and adipose cells in postmenopausal women. Aromatase inhibitors suppress oestrogen synthesis in the ovaries and in peripheral tissues, starting from the next day after dosing. They work by inhibiting the action of aromatase, which converts androgens into oestrogens (testosterone into estradiol and androstenedione into oestrone). There are three generations of aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Aminoglutethimide is a first-generation aromatase inhibitor. The second-generation inhibitors include Fadrozole and Formestane. Anastrozole, Letrozole, and Exemestane are third-generation inhibitors.

Aromatase is encoded by the cyp19a1 gene, belongs to a particular reticulum-bound cytochrome P450 superfamily and forms an electron-transfer complex with its partner, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR).


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15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
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Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Endoxifen

Endoxifen is a key active metabolite of tamoxifen (TAM) with higher affinity and specificity to estrogen receptor that also inhibits aromatase activity.

  • CAS Number: 110025-28-0
  • MF: C25H27NO2
  • MW: 373.48700
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.099g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 519.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 267.9ºC

Fadrozole Hydrochloride Hemihydrat

Fadrozole hydrochloride hemihydrate is an orally active, potent, selective and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 6.4 nM. Fadrozole hydrochloride hemihydrate inhibits the production of estrogen and progesterone, with IC50 values of 0.03 and 120 μM. Fadrozole hydrochloride hemihydrate shows prevention of spontaneous tumours. Fadrozole hydrochloride hemihydrate can be used for the research of estrogen-dependent disease and cancer[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 176702-70-8
  • MF: C28H30Cl2N6O
  • MW: 537.48300
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 212 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Eriodictyol chalcone

Eriodictyol chalcone possesses both anti-aromatase and an anti-17β-HSD activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 14917-41-0
  • MF: C15H12O6
  • MW: 288.25
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.584g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 595.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 157-158 ºC
  • Flash Point: 328.2ºC

Aromatase-IN-2

Aromatase-IN-2 is a potent Aromatase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.5 µM[1].

  • CAS Number: 121768-39-6
  • MF: C17H22N2O
  • MW: 270.37
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Isolimonexic acid

Isolimonexic acid is a limonoid isolated from lemon (Citrus lemon L. Burm) seed, has anti-cancer and anti-aromatase (IC50=25.60 μM) properties[1].

  • CAS Number: 73904-93-5
  • MF: C26H30O10
  • MW: 502.510
  • Catalog: Aromatase
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 788.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 315-316℃
  • Flash Point: 270.0±26.4 °C

UNII:CC64495H41

7-Hydroxyflavanone is an aromatase (cytochrome P450 19; CYP19) inhibitor with an IC50 of 65 μM[1].

  • CAS Number: 6515-36-2
  • MF: C15H12O3
  • MW: 240.254
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 464.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 188-190 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 181.2±22.2 °C

1,4,6-androstatrien-3,17-dione

Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione is a lipophilic and specific aromatase inhibitor with a Ki of 0.18 μM. Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione inhibits estrogen biosynthesis and shows antifertility effects. Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione induces impairment of spatial memory[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 633-35-2
  • MF: C19H22O2
  • MW: 282.377
  • Catalog: Endocrinology
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 452.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 164-165ºC
  • Flash Point: 168.7±25.7 °C

Vorozole

Vorozole is a potent and selective, orally active non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor[1][2]. Vorozole shows antitumor activity in vivo. Vorozole has the potential for the research of mammary cancer[3].

  • CAS Number: 129731-10-8
  • MF: C16H13ClN6
  • MW: 324.77
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.44g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 575.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 301.6ºC

Letrozole

Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1-13 nM.

  • CAS Number: 112809-51-5
  • MF: C17H11N5
  • MW: 263.337
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 472.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 181-183ºC
  • Flash Point: 214.2±24.5 °C

Oleuropein

Oleuropein, found in olive leaves and oil, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity[1]. Oleuropein induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via the p53-dependent pathway and through the regulation of Bax and Bcl2 genes. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase[2].

  • CAS Number: 32619-42-4
  • MF: C25H32O13
  • MW: 540.514
  • Catalog: Apoptosis
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 772.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 89-90ºC
  • Flash Point: 257.0±26.4 °C

Anastrozole

Anastrozole is a potent, highly selective aromatase inhibitor, which inhibits human placental aromatase with an IC50 of 15 nM.

  • CAS Number: 120511-73-1
  • MF: C17H19N5
  • MW: 293.366
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 469.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 81-82°C
  • Flash Point: 237.9±31.5 °C

D-Aminoglutethimide

(R)-(+)-Aminoglutethimide is a potent and orally active aromatase inhibitor. (R)-(+)-Aminoglutethimide has the potential for the research of breast cancer[1].

  • CAS Number: 55511-44-9
  • MF: C13H16N2O2
  • MW: 232.27800
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.173g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 457.4ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 115.5-119.5ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 230.4ºC

Letrozole-d4

Letrozole-d4 (CGS 20267-d4) is the deuterium labeled Letrozole. Letrozole (CGS 20267) is a potent, selective, reversible and orally active non-steroidal inhibitor of aromatase, with an IC50 of 11.5 nM. Letrozole selective inhibits estrogen biosynthesis, and can be used for the research of breast cancer[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1133712-96-5
  • MF: C17H7D4N5
  • MW: 289.32700
  • Catalog: Autophagy
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 178-181 °C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Exemestane

Exemestane(FCE 24304) is an aromatase inhibitor, inhibits human placental and rat ovarian aromatase with IC50 of 30 nM and 40 nM, respectively.Target: AromataseApproved: October 2005Exemestane competitively inhibits and time-dependently inactivates of human placental aromatase with Ki of 4.3 nM. Exemestane displaces [3H]DHT from rat prostate androgen receptor with IC50 of 0.9 μM [1]. Exemestane (1 μM) increases alkaline phosphatase activity in hFOB and Saos-2 cells and induces the expression of MYBL2, OSTM1, HOXD11, ADCYAP1R1, and glypican 2 in hFOB cells [2]. Exemestane causes aromatase degradation in a dose-responsive manner in MCF-7aro cells [3].Exemestane increases lumbar spine BMD by 14.0% in OVX rats at dose of 100 mg/kg. Exemestane (100 mg/kg) and 17-hydroexemestane (20 mg/kg) significantly reduces an ovariectomy-induced increase in serum pyridinoline and serum osteocalcin in rats and causes significant reductions of serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol inOVX rats [4].Exemestane (20 mg/kg/day s.c.) induces 26% complete (CR) and 18% partial (PR) tumor regressions in rats with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors [5].

  • CAS Number: 107868-30-4
  • MF: C20H24O2
  • MW: 296.403
  • Catalog: Cytochrome P450
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 453.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 155.13°C
  • Flash Point: 169.0±25.7 °C

Fadrozole

Fadrozole is a potent, selective and nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase with an IC50 of 6.4 nM.

  • CAS Number: 102676-47-1
  • MF: C14H13N3
  • MW: 223.273
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 481.7±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 0ºC
  • Flash Point: 245.1±26.8 °C

7,8-Benzoflavone

Alpha-Naphthoflavone is a synthetic flavonoid, acts as a potent and competitive aromatase inhibitor with an IC50 and a Ki of 0.5 and 0.2 μM, respectively[1].

  • CAS Number: 604-59-1
  • MF: C19H12O2
  • MW: 272.297
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 460.9±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 153-157 °C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 215.8±22.3 °C

Org30958

Org30958 is a potent aromatase inhibitor in vivo.

  • CAS Number: 99957-90-1
  • MF: C21H30O2S2
  • MW: 378.59200
  • Catalog: Metabolic Disease
  • Density: 1.19g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 532.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 220.9ºC

Fadrozole hydrochloride

Fadrozole hydrochloride is a potent, selective and nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase with an IC50 of 6.4 nM.

  • CAS Number: 102676-31-3
  • MF: C14H14ClN3
  • MW: 259.73400
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 481.7ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 245.1ºC

SYN20028567

SYN20028567 is an aromatase (CYP19) inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.4 nM. SYN20028567 can be used for breast cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 1214563-94-6
  • MF: C20H29N3O3S
  • MW: 391.53
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A