Semapimod tetrahydrochloride (CNI-1493), an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production, can inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Semapimod tetrahydrochloride inhibits TLR4 signaling (IC50≈0.3 μM). Semapimod tetrahydrochloride inhibits p38 MAPK and nitric oxide production in macrophages. Semapimod tetrahydrochloride has potential in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders[1][2][3].
[D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P, a Substance P derivative, is a biased agonist toward neuropeptide and chemokine receptors. [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P activates G12. [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P binds to IL-8 and GRP receptors. [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P inhibits ERK-2 activation, activates JNK activity. [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P stimulates an increase in neutrophil migration and Ca2+ mobilization. [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P is also a bombesin antagonist, and inhibits the growth of small cell lung cancer[1][2][3]
Sulforaphene, isolated from radish seeds, exhibits an ED50 against velvetleaf seedlings approximately 2 x 10-4 M. Sulforaphene promotes cancer cells apoptosis and inhibits migration via inhibiting EGFR, p-ERK1/2, NF‐κB and other signals[1][2][3][4].
TCS JNK 5a is a potent JNK3 inhibitor with a pIC50 of 6.7. TCS JNK 5a also inhibits JNK2 with a pIC50 of 6.5.
DS12881479 is a potent and selective Mnk1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 21 nM. DS12881479 can be used in cancer research[1].
QL-X-138 is a selective and potent BTK/MNK dual kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 8, 107.4, and 26 nM for BTK, MNK1, and MNK2, respectively; exhibits covalent binding to BTK and noncovalent binding to MNK; enhances the antiproliferative efficacies in vitro against a variety of B-cell cancer cell lines, as well as AML and CLL primary patient cells; arrests cell cycle progression and strongly induces apoptosis.
UM-164 is a highly potent inhibitor of c-Src with a Kd of 2.7 nM. UM-164 also potently inhibits p38α and p38β.
U0126 is a potent, non-ATP competitive and selective MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 72 nM and 58 nM, respectively. U0126 is an autophagy and mitophagy inhibitor[1][2][3][4].
Tat-NR2B9c is a 20-aa peptide, which acts as a postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) inhibitor, with an EC50 of 6.7 nM for PSD-95d2 (PSD-95 PDZ domain 2), and 670 nM for PSD-95d1; Tat-NR2B9c also reduces NMDA-induced p38 activation, and possesses neuroprotective efficacy.
CKI-7 is a potent and ATP-competitive casein kinase 1 (CK1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6 μM and a Ki of 8.5 μM. CKI-7 is a selective Cdc7 kinase inhibitor. CKI-7 also inhibits SGK, ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (S6K1) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1). CKI-7 has a much weaker effect on casein kinase II and other protein kinases[1][2][3][4].
Anti-inflammatory agent 35 (compound 5a27) is an orally active curcumin analogue with anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 35 blocks mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and p65 nuclear translocation of NF-kB. Anti-inflammatory agent 35 also inhibits yellow neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Anti-inflammatory agent 35 significantly attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo[1].
Cyclorasin 9A5 is an 11-residue cell-permeable cyclic peptide that orthosterically inhibits the Ras-Raf protein interaction with an IC50 of 120 nM[1].
SU3327 is a potent, selective and substrate-competitive JNK inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.7 μM. SU3327 also inhibits protein-protein interactions between JNK and JNK Interacting Protein (JIP) with an IC50 of 239 nM. SU3327 shows less active against p38α and Akt kinase[1][2].
B-Raf IN 9 (compound 8b) is a potent B-Raf inhibitor, with an IC50 of 24.79 nM. B-Raf IN 9 induces apoptosis and shows cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. B-Raf IN 9 exhibits potent antitumor activity against human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line, with an IC50 of 7.83 µM[1].
Neflamapimod (VX-745) is a potent and selective inhibitor of p38α, and possesses anti-inflammatory activity.
SB-242235 is a potent and selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 1.0 uM.IC50 Value: 1.0 uM [1]Target: p38 MAPKin vitro: SB 242235 inhibited intracellular p38 activity, human chondrocytes were treated with different doses of SB 242235 prior to stimulation with IL-1_ for 15 min. MAPKAP K2 was then isolated from these cells and assayed using HSP27 as a substrate. SB 242235 dose-dependently inhibited the activation of MAPKAP K2 with an IC50 of 1.0 uM [1].in vivo: SB-242235 demonstrates generally favourable pharmacokinetic properties in all species examined(including rat, dog and monkey). Systemic plasma clearance was high in rat, but in the non-rodent species SB-242235 demonstrated low to moderate clearance with plasma half-lives > 4h. Oral bioavailability in each preclinical species was high. In rat and monkey, SB-242235 demonstrated non-linear elimination kinetics that manifested as a decrease in clearance with increasing dose and apparent oral bioavailability > 100% at high oral doses [2].In the skin of SKH-1 hairless mice, SB242235, prior to UVB irradiation, blocked activation of the p38 MAPK cascade, and abolished MAPKAPK-2 kinase activity and phosphorylation of HSP27. Moreover, SB242235 inhibited expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and KC (murine IL-8) and COX-2 [3]. The preclinical pharmacokinetics of SB-242235 have been described previously. The present studies were conducted to describe the in vitro metabolic rates and routes of SB-242235 metabolism, to characterize its in vivo preclinical metabolism, and to use these data to aid in the prediction of the pharmacokinetic behaviour of SB-242235 in man [4].
PT-262 is a potent ROCK inhibitor with an IC50 value of around 5 μM. PT-262 induces the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and elevates the caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. PT-262 inhibits the ERK and CDC2 phosphorylation via a p53-independent pathway. PT-262 blocks cytoskeleton function and cell migration. PT-262 has anti-cancer activity[1][2].
PROTAC MEK1 Degrader-1 is a PROTAC targeting MEK1 with a pIC50 value of 7.0. PROTAC MEK1 Degrader-1 consists of a MEK1 inhibitor and a von Hippel-Lindau ligand. PROTAC MEK1 Degrader-1 can inhibit ERK1/2 phosphorylation. PROTAC MEK1 Degrader-1 shows an antiproliferative activity against A375 cells[1].
Cannabisin D inhibits proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells through MAPKs signaling[1].
AT-533 is a potent Hsp90 and HSV inhibitor. AT-533 suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis by blocking the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. AT-533 also inhibits the activation of the downstream pathways, including Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, Erk1/2 and FAK. AT-533 inhibits the tube formation, cell migration, and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)[1][2][3].
Tpl2 Kinase Inhibitor 1 (Compound 1) is a potent and selective Tpl2 (COT kinase, MAP3K8) inhibitor, plays an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response and the progression of some cancers[1].
p38-α MAPK-IN-1 is an inhibitor of MAPK14 (p38-α), with IC50 of 2300 nM in EFC displacement assay, and 5500 nM in HTRF assay.
Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from rice hulls of Oryza sativa, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB.
Sorafenib tosylate is a potent multikinase inhibitor, with IC50s of 6 nM, 20 nM, and 22 nM for Raf-1, B-Raf, and VEGFR-3, respectively.
Doramapimod (BIRB 796) is a highly potent p38 MAPK inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 nM. It also inhibits B-Raf with an IC50 of 83 nM.
B-Raf IN 13 is a BRAF inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.55 nM in BRAF V600E enzyme assay. B-Raf IN 13 has anticaner effects (WO2020261156A1, Example 74)[1].
EB1 is the inhibitor of kinases MNK with IC50s of 0.69 μM (MNK1) and 9.4 μM (MNK2). EB1 selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells, but not normal cells. EB1 also increases cell apoptosis and suppresses eIF4E phosphorylation[1][2].
MEK4 inhibitor-1 is a novel MEK4 inhibitor against pancreatic adenocarcinoma with an IC50 value of 61 nM.
Lidocaine-d10 (Lignocaine-d10) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Lidocaine hydrochloride. Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lignocaine hydrochloride) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence[1]. Lidocaine hydrochloride decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride is an amide derivative commonly used to anesthetize. hydrochloride is a a drug to treat ventricular arrhythmia and an effective tumor-inhibitor[2].
(rel)-AR234960 is an active relative configuration of AR234960. AR234960, a non-peptide MAS (a G protein-coupled receptor) agonist, increases both mRNA and protein levels of CTGF via ERK1/2 signaling in HEK293-MAS cells and adult human cardiac fibroblasts[1].