SC75741 is a broad and efficient NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 of 200 nM for p65[1]. SC75741 blocks influenza viruses (IV) replication in non-toxic concentrations. SC75741 impairs DNA binding of the NF-κB subunit p65, resulting in reduced expression of cytokines, chemokines, and pro-apoptotic factors. SC75741 subsequently inhibits caspase activation and blocks caspase-mediated nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins[2].
A potent TLR7/8 agonist and cytokine inducer; stimulates type I interferon (IFN) and other cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IFN-gamma from rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells; induces IL-12 and COX-2 expression in mDC from HIV+ and HIV- individuals, and inhibits H3N2 influenza viral replication in the nasal cavity; potentiates NK cytotoxicity, and shows antitumor effects in scid/B6 mice and scid/NOD mice.
Clemastanin B, a lignin, has potent anti-influenza activities by inhibiting the virus multiplication, prophylaxsis and blocking the virus attachment. Clemastanin B targets viral endocytosis, uncoating or ribonucleoprotein (RNP) export from the nucleus. Clemastanin B has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3].
Polygalasaponin XXXI (Onjisaponin F) is an effective adjuvant for intranasal administration of influenza Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine to protect influenza virus infection[1].
Influenza NP (147-155) is a Kd restricted epitope from influenza nucleoprotein[1].
Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-19 is a potent inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-19 is a spirocyclic pyridone derivative. Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-19 has strong inhibitory effect on RNA polymerase activity of A virus (extracted from patent CN111410661A, compound 1)[1].
QL-X-138 is a selective and potent BTK/MNK dual kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 8, 107.4, and 26 nM for BTK, MNK1, and MNK2, respectively; exhibits covalent binding to BTK and noncovalent binding to MNK; enhances the antiproliferative efficacies in vitro against a variety of B-cell cancer cell lines, as well as AML and CLL primary patient cells; arrests cell cycle progression and strongly induces apoptosis.
U0126 is a potent, non-ATP competitive and selective MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 72 nM and 58 nM, respectively. U0126 is an autophagy and mitophagy inhibitor[1][2][3][4].
Influenza virus-IN-5 (Compound 5f) is an inhibitor of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) with an EC50 of 1 nM against influenza A/H3N2 virus[1].
Caesalmin E is a natural cassane furanoditerpene with anti-Para3 (Parainfluenza virus type 3) virus activities[1].
2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine-d2 is the deuterium labeled 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine[1]. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine can be used as an intermediate for antiinfluenza virus agents synthesis[2].
Aprotinin is a bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) inhibitor which inhibits trypsin and chymotrypsin with Kis of 0.06 pM and 9 nM, respectively.
Influenza A NP(366-374) Strain A/PR/8/35 is an H2-Db-restricted epitope from Influenza A/PR/8/35 nucleoprotein[1].
FGI-106 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of multiple blood-borne viruses (HCV, HBV, HIV) as well as emerging biothreats (Ebola, VEE, Cowpox, PRRSV infection) with EC50 of 0.2-10 uM; inhibits the interaction of TSG101 with its cognate viral ligands; displays an ability to prevent lethality from Ebola in vivo; well-tolerated and orally bioavailable.
Indomethacin (Indometacin) sodium is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin sodium has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin sodium can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.[1][2][3].
ABMA is a novel broad-spectrum inhibitor of intracellular toxins and pathogens, efficiently protects cells against various toxins and pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasite; protects mice from nasal instillation of an LD90 of ricin; provokes Rab7-positive late endosomal compartment accumulation in mammalian cells without affecting other organelles.
6-Azathymine, a 6-nitrogen analog of thymine, is a potent D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitor. 6-Azathymine inhibits the biosynthesis of DNA, and has antibacterial and antiviral activities[1][2][3][4].
Carbodine (Carbocyclic cytidine) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent active against DNA viruses, (+)RNA viruses, (-)RNA viruses, paramyxo, rhabdo and (+/-)RNA viruses, targets CTP synthetase that converts UTP to CTP. Carbodine (Carbocyclic cytidine) possesses significant antiviral activity against influenza virus types A0/PR-8/34 and A2/Aichi/2/68 in vitro[1][2].
Viral polymerase-IN-1 hydrochloride, a Gemcitabine (HY-17026) derivative, potently inhibits influenza A and B viruses infection with IC90 values of 11.4-15.9 μM. Viral polymerase-IN-1 hydrochloride is active against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral polymerase-IN-1 hydrochloride suppresses influenza virus infection by affecting viral RNA replication/transcription in cells[1].
N-acetyl-2,3-dehydro-2-Deoxyneuraminic Acid (Neu5Ac2en) is a potent neuraminidase (sialidase) inhibitor. N-acetyl-2,3-dehydro-2-Deoxyneuraminic Acid shows inhibitory activities against human neuraminidase enzymes with IC50s of 143, 43, 61, and 74 μM for NEU1, NEU2, NEU3, and NEU4, respectively. Anti-influenza virus activity[1][2].
Amantadine Hydrochloride is an antiviral and an antiparkinsonian drug.Target: Influenza VirusAmantadine is an antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. Amantadine binding of M2, based on studies of a peptide representing the M2 transmembrane segment in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. Amantadine competes with protons for binding to the deprotonated tetramer, thereby stabilizing the tetramer in a slightly altered conformation. This model accounts for the observed inhibition of proton flux by amantadine [1]. In contrast to most other described channel-blocking molecules, amantadine causes the channel gate of NMDA receptors to close more quickly. Amantadine binding inhibits current flow through NMDA receptor channels but show that its main inhibitory action at pharmaceutically relevant concentrations results from stabilization of closed states of the channel [2].
Nitazoxanide D4 is the deuterium labeled Nitazoxanide, which is an antiprotozoal agent.
Influenza A virus-IN-7 (compound 16r) is a potent and orally active influenza A virus inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.43 µM and CC50 of >100 µM. Influenza A virus-IN-7 shows anti-IAV activity with low cytotoxicity. Influenza A virus-IN-7 inhibits the transcription and replication of viral RNA[1].
Massarilactone H, a polyketide, is a neuraminidase inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.18 µM[1].
Influenza A virus-IN-1 is a dihydropyrrolidones derivative and is a potent inhibitor against wide subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) with IC50 values from 3.11 μM to 7.13 μM. Influenza A virus-IN-1 efficiently inhibits replication of IAV, up-regulates the expression of key antiviral cytokines IFN-β and antiviral protein MxA[1].
KIN1148, a small-molecule IRF3 agonist, is a novel influenza vaccine adjuvant found to enhance flu vaccine efficacy.
Zapnometinib (PD0184264), an active metabolite of CI-1040, is a MEK inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5.7 nM. Zapnometinib exhibits antiviral activity against influenza virus and antibacterial activities[1][2][3].
Cletoquine oxalate (Desethylhydroxychloroquine oxalate) is a major active metabolite of Hydroxychloroquine. Cletoquine oxalate is produced in the liver by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Cletoquine oxalate is also a Chloroquine derivative and has the ability to against the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Cletoquine oxalate has antimalarial effects and has the potential for autoimmune diseases treatment[1][2].
Clovamide (trans-Clovamide), a natural phenolic compound, is a potent antioxidant. Clovamide is an excellent ROS and oxygen radical scavenger. Clovamide also has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects[1][2]. Clovamide is an anti-microbial with activity against the human pathogens influenza A subtype H5N1, Trypanosoma evansi, and Heliobacter pylori[3].
DL-Pyroglutamic acid (CAE) as an inactivator of hepatitis B surface, inactivates vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, and influenza virus except poliovirus. DL-Pyroglutamic acid is also a possible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, increases GABA amount with antiepileptic action[1][2].