A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

A new approach is presented for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples, based on selective fluorescent staining using Nile Red (NR), followed by density-based extraction and filtration. The dye adsorbs onto plastic surfaces and renders them fluorescent when irradiated with blue light. Fluorescence emission is detected using simple photography through an orange filter. Image-analysis allows fluorescent particles to be identified and counted. Magnified images can be recorded and tiled to cover the whole filter area, allowing particles down to a few micrometres to be detected. The solvatochromic nature of Nile Red also offers the possibility of plastic categorisation based on surface polarity characteristics of identified particles. This article details the development of this staining method and its initial cross-validation by comparison with infrared (IR) microscopy. Microplastics of different sizes could be detected and counted in marine sediment samples. The fluorescence staining identified the same particles as those found by scanning a filter area with IR-microscopy.

Cyanine dyes can be used to quantify the amount of dsDNA within a sample. The linearity of fluorescence, as function of DNA amount of six dyes, is obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity at the optimal excitation and emission maxima.


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Nuclear yellow

Hoechst S 769121 (Nuclear yellow) exhibits excitation/emission maxima ~335/495 nm when bound to DNA.

  • CAS Number: 74681-68-8
  • MF: C25H28Cl3N7O2S
  • MW: 596.96
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: >300℃
  • Flash Point: N/A

Phenolphthalein

Phenolphthalein is a widely applied but toxic indicator dye.

  • CAS Number: 77-09-8
  • MF: C20H14O4
  • MW: 318.323
  • Catalog: Peptides
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 557.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 258-263 °C
  • Flash Point: 206.5±23.6 °C

Acid Red 52

Sulforhodamine B sodium salt is a fluorescent dye with uses spanning from laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to the quantification of cellular proteins of cultured cells.

  • CAS Number: 3520-42-1
  • MF: C27H29N2NaO7S2
  • MW: 580.65
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Amine-PEG3-Biotin

Amine-PEG3-Biotin is used as a signal amplification label.

  • CAS Number: 359860-27-8
  • MF: C18H34N4O5S
  • MW: 418.55100
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.166±0.06 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 705.8±60.0 °C
  • Melting Point: 12°C
  • Flash Point: 128°C(lit.)

meta-iodoHoechst 33258

Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA.IC50 Value:Target: These Bis-benzimides were originally developed by Hoechst AG, which numbered all their compounds so that the dye Hoechst 33342 is the 33342nd compound made by the company. There are three related Hoechst stains: Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and Hoechst 34580. The dyes Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 are the ones most commonly used and they have similarexcitation/emission spectra. Both dyes are excited by ultraviolet light at around 350 nm, and both emit blue/cyan fluorescent light around anemission maximum at 461 nm. Unbound dye has its maximum fluorescence emission in the 510-540 nm range. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of up to 10 mg/mL. Aqueous solutions are stable at 2-6 °C for at least six months when protected from light. For long-term storage the solutions are instead frozen at ≤-20 °C.The dyes bind to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA with a preference for sequences rich in adenine andthymine. Although the dyes can bind to all nucleic acids, AT-rich double-stranded DNA strands enhance fluorescence considerably.Hoechst dyes are cell-permeable and can bind to DNA in live or fixed cells. Therefore, these stains are often called supravital, which means that cells survive a treatment with these compounds. Cells that express specific ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins can also actively transport these stains out of their cytoplasm.in vitro: N/A in vivo: N/AClinical trial: N/A

  • CAS Number: 158013-42-4
  • MF: C25H23IN6
  • MW: 534.39500
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fluo-4 AM

Fluo-4 AM is a fluorescent dye (λex=494 nm, λem=516 nm).

  • CAS Number: 273221-67-3
  • MF: C51H50F2N2O23
  • MW: 1096.94000
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.47
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Calcein-AM

Calcein-AM is cell-permeable fluorescent dye used to determine the cell viability.

  • CAS Number: 148504-34-1
  • MF: C46H46N2O23
  • MW: 994.86
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 982.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 548.1±34.3 °C

5(6)-Carboxy-X-rhodamine

5(6)-ROX is a nucleic acid fluorescent label which can be used as a reference dye for real-time polymerase chain reaction.

  • CAS Number: 198978-94-8
  • MF: C33H30N2O5
  • MW: 534.60
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Hoechst 33342 analog

Hoechst 33342 analog is an anglog of Hoechst 33342, which is a DNA minor groove binder used fluorochrome for visualizing cellular DNA.

  • CAS Number: 178481-68-0
  • MF: C32H37Cl2N7
  • MW: 590.58900
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HOE-S 785026

HOE-S 785026 is a blue fluorescent dyes, which can be used as a cell dye for DNA.

  • CAS Number: 132869-83-1
  • MF: C25H24N6O
  • MW: 424.49800
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

BBD

BBD(NSC240867; Benzylamino-NBD) is a biochemical reagent/chromogenic reagent.

  • CAS Number: 18378-20-6
  • MF: C13H10N4O3
  • MW: 270.243
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 468.0±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 206-209ºC
  • Flash Point: 236.9±31.5 °C

2,3-Diaminonaphthalene

2,3 Diaminonaphthalene is a highly selective colorimetric and fluorometric reagent for selenium detection and also used for the fluorometric determination of nitrite.

  • CAS Number: 771-97-1
  • MF: C10H10N2
  • MW: 158.200
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 370.6±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 197-203 °C
  • Flash Point: 212.3±19.9 °C

1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate

DiI (DiIC18(3)) is a lipophilic membrane dye that diffuses laterally to stain the entire cell. DiI is excited to emit orange-red fluorescence. The fluorescence is weak in water but strong and photostable when incorporated into membranes.

  • CAS Number: 41085-99-8
  • MF: C59H97ClN2O4
  • MW: 933.86500
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 68ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: N/A

Fuchsine base monohydrochloride

Fuchsine base (monohydrochloride) is a magenta dye, which is certified for use for acid-fast staining with carbol-fuchsin.

  • CAS Number: 632-99-5
  • MF: C20H20ClN3
  • MW: 337.846
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 0.999 g/mL at 20 °C
  • Boiling Point: 589.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 250 °C
  • Flash Point: 48 °F

H2DCFDA

H2DCFDA is a cell-permeable probe used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).

  • CAS Number: 4091-99-0
  • MF: C24H16Cl2O7
  • MW: 487.286
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 593.5±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 209-210ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 312.7±30.1 °C

Amaranth

Amaranth is a dark red to purple azo dye used as a food dye and to color cosmetics. Amaranth is an anionic dye. It can be applied to natural and synthetic fibers, leather, paper, and phenol-formaldehyde resins.

  • CAS Number: 915-67-3
  • MF: C20H11N2Na3O10S3
  • MW: 604.473
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.5
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: >300°C
  • Flash Point: 44ºC

CY5

Cy5 is a reactive dye for the labeling of amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. This dye requires small amount of organic co-solvent (such as DMF or DMSO) to be used in labeling reaction. This reagent is ideal for very cost-efficient labeling of soluble proteins, as well as all kinds of peptides and oligonucleotides. This reagent also works well in organic solvents for small molecule labeling.Excitation (nm):649, Emission (nm): 670.

  • CAS Number: 146368-11-8
  • MF: C33H40N2O8S2
  • MW: 656.81
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Thioflavine T

Thioflavin T is a cationic Benzothiazole dye that shows enhanced fluorescence upon binding to amyloid in tissue sections.

  • CAS Number: 2390-54-7
  • MF: C17H19ClN2S
  • MW: 318.864
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 212ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rhodamine B

Rhodamine B is a staining fluorescent dye, commonly used for dyeing textiles, paper, soap, leather, and drugs.

  • CAS Number: 81-88-9
  • MF: C28H31ClN2O3
  • MW: 479.010
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 0.79 g/mL at 20 °C
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 210-211 (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 12 °C

5-TAMRA-SE

5-TAMRA-SE is an amine-reactive fluorescent agent, its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.

  • CAS Number: 150810-68-7
  • MF: C29H25N3O7
  • MW: 527.525
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dihydroethidium

Dihydroethidium(Hydroethidine; PD-MY 003) is a superoxide indicator; exhibits blue-fluorescence in the cytosol until oxidized, where it intercalates within the cell's DNA, staining its nucleus a bright fluorescent red.

  • CAS Number: 104821-25-2
  • MF: C21H21N3
  • MW: 315.411
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 580.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 299.5±24.9 °C

CY2

CY2 is a dye for the labeling of amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. Excitation (nm):492, Emission (nm): 510.

  • CAS Number: 260430-02-2
  • MF: C25H26N2O4
  • MW: 418.485
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Oxazine 1 perchlorate

Oxazine 1 perchlorate is a symmetric cationic dye (λex=653 nm, λem=666 nm).

  • CAS Number: 24796-94-9
  • MF: C20H26ClN3O5
  • MW: 423.89100
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5-BrUTP sodium salt

5-BrUTP sodium salt can be used to label RNA to measure the transcription.

  • CAS Number: 161848-60-8
  • MF: C9H14BrN2O15P3.xNa
  • MW: 686.98100
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Sodium 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate

DHBS is Used in conjunction with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for chromogenic quantitation of peroxidase in coupled enzymatic reactions. Component of Trinder reagent for use with peroxidase to measure generation of hydrogen peroxide in automated systems.

  • CAS Number: 54970-72-8
  • MF: C6H3Cl2NaO4S
  • MW: 265.046
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: >300°C
  • Flash Point: N/A

Rhodamine 800

Rhodamine 800 is a near-infrared fluorescent dye.

  • CAS Number: 137993-41-0
  • MF: C26H26ClN3O5
  • MW: 495.955
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

5(6)-FAM SE

5(6)-FAM SE is an amine-reactive green fluorescent dye widely used for labeling proteins or other molecules that contain a primary or secondary aliphatic amine.

  • CAS Number: 117548-22-8
  • MF: C25H15NO9
  • MW: 473.39
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: 224ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A

Dabsyl chloride

Dabsyl chloride is an amine derivatizing agent, able to give rise to stable products that can be easily monitored spectrophotometrically at 460 nm; Dabsyl chloride also used for labeling amino acids.

  • CAS Number: 56512-49-3
  • MF: C14H14ClN3O2S
  • MW: 323.79800
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.29 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 483.6ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 185 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 246.3ºC

fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate

5(6)-FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) is an amine-reactive derivative of fluorescein dye that has wide-ranging applications as a label for antibodies and other probes, for use in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence-based assays such as Western blotting and ELISA.

  • CAS Number: 27072-45-3
  • MF: C21H11NO5S
  • MW: 389.381
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 708.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: >360ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 382.4±32.9 °C

Hoechst 33258 analog 3

Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA.IC50 Value:Target: These Bis-benzimides were originally developed by Hoechst AG, which numbered all their compounds so that the dye Hoechst 33342 is the 33342nd compound made by the company. There are three related Hoechst stains: Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342, and Hoechst 34580. The dyes Hoechst 33258 and Hoechst 33342 are the ones most commonly used and they have similarexcitation/emission spectra. Both dyes are excited by ultraviolet light at around 350 nm, and both emit blue/cyan fluorescent light around anemission maximum at 461 nm. Unbound dye has its maximum fluorescence emission in the 510-540 nm range. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of up to 10 mg/mL. Aqueous solutions are stable at 2-6 °C for at least six months when protected from light. For long-term storage the solutions are instead frozen at ≤-20 °C.The dyes bind to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA with a preference for sequences rich in adenine andthymine. Although the dyes can bind to all nucleic acids, AT-rich double-stranded DNA strands enhance fluorescence considerably.Hoechst dyes are cell-permeable and can bind to DNA in live or fixed cells. Therefore, these stains are often called supravital, which means that cells survive a treatment with these compounds. Cells that express specific ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins can also actively transport these stains out of their cytoplasm.

  • CAS Number: 23554-98-5
  • MF: C26H26N6
  • MW: 422.52500
  • Catalog: Dye Reagents
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A