Dimethyl-bisphenol A (DMBPA) is a potent HIF-1α inhibitor. Dimethyl-bisphenol A can decrease Vegfa mRNA expression[1].
HIF-2α-IN-9 (compound 35r) is an inhibitor ofHIF-2α. HIF-2α-IN-9 inhibits VEGF-A (IC50=305 nM), and regulates growth-promoting genes in tumor cells, reactivates macrophage-mediated tumor immunity[1].
AFP464, is an active HIF-1α inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.25 μM, also is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activator.
HIF-2α-IN-8 is a potent and orally active HIF2α inhibitor with IC50 values of 9, 37, 246 nM for HIF2α SPA, HIF2α iScript, HIF2α HRE RGA, respectively. HIF-2α-IN-8 shows antitumor activity[1].
HIF-2α-IN-3, an allosteric inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), exhibits an IC50 of 0.4 µM and a KD of 1.1 µM. Anticancer agent[1].
Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) is an active triterpenoid compound from the extract of Boswellia serrate; a novel Nrf2 activator.IC50 value:Target: Nrf2 activatorin vitro: AKBA significantly reduced infarct volumes and apoptotic cells, and also increased neurologic scores by elevating the Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in brain tissues in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats at 48 hours post reperfusion. In primary cultured neurons, AKBA increased the Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, which provided protection against OGD-induced oxidative insult. Additionally, AKBA treatment increased Nrf2 binding activity to antioxidant-response elements (ARE) [1]. AKBA significantly inhibited human colon adenocarcinoma growth, showing arrest of the cell cycle in G1-phase and induction of apoptosis[3]. AKBA triggered significant lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as shown by reduced neutral lipids in cytosol and increased free fatty acids in culture medium. Increased lipolysis by AKBA was accompanied by up-regulation of lipolytic enzymes, adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), and a decreased expression of lipid droplet stability regulator perilipin. In addition, AKBA treatment reduced phenotypic markers of mature adipocyte aP2, adiponectin and glut-4 in mature adipocytes [5].in vivo: AKBA significantly prevented the formation of intestinal adenomatous polyps without toxicity to mice. AKBA's activity both in the prevention of small intestinal and colonic polyps was more potently than aspirin. Histopathologic examination revealed that AKBA's effect, that is the reduction of polyp size and degree of dysplasia, was more prominent in larger sized polyps, especially those originating in colon [2]. AKBA administration in mice effectively delayed the growth of HT-29 xenografts without signs of toxicity. The activity of AKBA was more potent than that of aspirin [3]. AKBA exhibited anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. With oral application in mice, AKBA significantly inhibited SGC-7901 and MKN-45 xenografts without toxicity [4].
KC7F2 is a potent HIF-1 pathway inhibitor and that its potential as a cancer therapy agent warrants further study.Target：HIFin vitro: KC7F2 is the second HIF-1α inhibitor. KC7F2 is shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, an effect that is increased in hypoxia, while non-tumor cells are less sensitive. KC7F2 decreases HIF-1α levels by downregulating HIF-1α protein synthesis. [2] KC7F2 markedly inhibits HIF-mediated transcription in cells derived from different tumor types, including glioma, breast and prostate cancers and exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity under hypoxia. KC7F2 prevents the activation of HIF-target genes such as Carbonic Anhydrase IX, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), Endothelin 1 and Enolase 1. KC7F2 works through the down-regulation of HIF-1α protein synthesis, an effect accompanied by the suppression of the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and p70 S6 kinase (S6K), key regulators of HIF-1α protein synthesis.[1]
Oroxylin A is a natural active flavonoid with strong anticancer effects.IC50 value:Target:In vitro: Oroxylin A suppressed the MDM2-mediated degradation of p53 via downregulating MDM2 transcription in wt-p53 cancer cells [1]. Oroxylin A remarkably reduced the generation of lactate and glucose uptake under hypoxia in HepG2 cells, inhibited HIF-1α expression and its stability [2]. Oroxylin A promotes superoxide dismutase (SOD2) gene expression through SIRT3-regulated DNA-binding activity of FOXO3a and increases the activity of SOD2 by promoting SIRT3-mediated deacetylation [3]. In vivo: Oroxylin A inhibited the tumor growth of nude mice-inoculated MCF-7 or HCT116 cells. The expression of MDM2 protein in tumor tissue was downregulated by oroxylin A as well [1].
M1001 is a weak agonist of HIF-2α, directly binds to the HIF-2α PAS-B domain, with a Kd of 667 nM. M1001 enhances the stabilities of HIF-2α-ARNT complex[1].
LW6 is a novel HIF-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.4 μM.
BNS is a cell penetrant, potent and selective PHD2 (prolyl-hydroxylase 2) inhibitor[1].
Gramicidin A is a peptide component of gramicidin, an antibiotic mixture originally isolated from B. brevis. Gramicidin A is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ionophore that forms channels in model membranes that are permeable to monovalent cations. Gramicidin A induces degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α).
Vadadustat is a novel, titratable, oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor in development for the treatment of anemia.
Mersalyl (Salirgan) is a potent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) inducer. Mersalyl induces VEGF and ENO1 mRNA expression. Mersalyl shows diuresis effects[1][2][3].
TRC160334 is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) hydroxylase inhibitor. TRC160334 can be used for the research of ischemia/reperfusion injury[1].
HIF-1 inhibitor-4 is a HIF-1 inhibitor (IC50: 560 nM). HIF-1 inhibitor-4 reduces the HIF-1α protein level without affecting its mRNA level[1].
ENMD-119 is a 2-methoxyestradiol analogue with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity, and is suitable for inhibiting HIF-1α and STAT3 in human HCC cells.
Enarodustat is a potent and orally active factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, with an EC50 of 0.22 μM; Enarodustat has entered clinical trial for renal anemia.
PHD-IN-1 (compound 80) is a potent inhibitor of PHD2，with an IC50 value of ≤5 nM. PHD-IN-1 shows EC50s of 2.5 μM in EPO Elisa assay both in Caco2-HIFla-HiBiT-clone-1 cells and Hep3B cells，respectively[1].
THS-044 binding stabilizes the HIF2α PAS-B folded state, for regulating HIF2 activity in endogenous and clinical settings.Target: HIF2αLimited trypsin proteolysis reveals that both apo and THS-044-bound protein are efficiently cut at R330 in the extended HI loop. In the THS-044 bound state, there appears no additional proteolysis at the remaining candidate trypsin sites. In contrast, these THS-044-protected sites are protease accessible in the unliganded protein, leading its complete degradation. In parallel, NMR-based deuterium exchange measurements revealed a dramatic stabilization of the THS-044-bound protein β-sheet, with some sites experiencing 100-fold enhanced protection factors relative to the ligand-free protein.