Chemsrc provides Research Areas's classification. They are divided into Others, Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Endocrinology, Infection, Inflammation/Immunology, Metabolic Disease, Neurological Disease according to their Biological activity.


Anti-infection >
Arenavirus Bacterial CMV Enterovirus Filovirus Fungal HBV HCV HIV HSV Influenza Virus Parasite Reverse Transcriptase RSV SARS-CoV
Antibody-drug Conjugate >
ADC Cytotoxin ADC Linker Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Apoptosis >
Apoptosis Bcl-2 Family c-Myc Caspase DAPK Ferroptosis IAP MDM-2/p53 PKD RIP kinase Survivin Thymidylate Synthase TNF Receptor
Autophagy >
Autophagy LRRK2 ULK Mitophagy
Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >
Antifolate APC ATM/ATR Aurora Kinase Casein Kinase CDK Checkpoint Kinase (Chk) CRISPR/Cas9 Deubiquitinase DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker DNA-PK DNA/RNA Synthesis Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) G-quadruplex Haspin Kinase HDAC HSP IRE1 Kinesin LIM Kinase (LIMK) Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog p97 PAK PARP PERK Polo-like Kinase (PLK) PPAR RAD51 ROCK Sirtuin SRPK Telomerase TOPK Topoisomerase Wee1
Cytoskeleton >
Arp2/3 Complex Dynamin Gap Junction Protein Integrin Kinesin Microtubule/Tubulin Mps1 Myosin PAK
Epigenetics >
AMPK Aurora Kinase DNA Methyltransferase Epigenetic Reader Domain HDAC Histone Acetyltransferase Histone Demethylase Histone Methyltransferase JAK MicroRNA PARP PKC Sirtuin Protein Arginine Deiminase
GPCR/G Protein >
5-HT Receptor Adenosine Receptor Adenylate Cyclase Adiponectin Receptor Adrenergic Receptor Angiotensin Receptor Bombesin Receptor Bradykinin Receptor Cannabinoid Receptor CaSR CCR CGRP Receptor Cholecystokinin Receptor CRFR CXCR Dopamine Receptor EBI2/GPR183 Endothelin Receptor GHSR Glucagon Receptor Glucocorticoid Receptor GNRH Receptor GPCR19 GPR109A GPR119 GPR120 GPR139 GPR40 GPR55 GPR84 Guanylate Cyclase Histamine Receptor Imidazoline Receptor Leukotriene Receptor LPL Receptor mAChR MCHR1 (GPR24) Melatonin Receptor mGluR Motilin Receptor Neurokinin Receptor Neuropeptide Y Receptor Neurotensin Receptor Opioid Receptor Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Oxytocin Receptor P2Y Receptor Prostaglandin Receptor Protease-Activated Receptor (PAR) Ras RGS Protein Sigma Receptor Somatostatin Receptor TSH Receptor Urotensin Receptor Vasopressin Receptor Melanocortin Receptor
Immunology/Inflammation >
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor CCR Complement System COX CXCR FLAP Histamine Receptor IFNAR Interleukin Related IRAK MyD88 NO Synthase NOD-like Receptor (NLR) PD-1/PD-L1 PGE synthase Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK) SPHK STING Thrombopoietin Receptor Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Arginase
JAK/STAT Signaling >
EGFR JAK Pim STAT
MAPK/ERK Pathway >
ERK JNK KLF MAP3K MAP4K MAPKAPK2 (MK2) MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase MNK p38 MAPK Raf Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)
Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >
ATP Synthase BCRP Calcium Channel CFTR Chloride Channel CRAC Channel CRM1 EAAT2 GABA Receptor GlyT HCN Channel iGluR Monoamine Transporter Monocarboxylate Transporter Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Na+/HCO3- Cotransporter Na+/K+ ATPase nAChR NKCC P-glycoprotein P2X Receptor Potassium Channel Proton Pump SGLT Sodium Channel TRP Channel URAT1
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >
15-PGDH 5 alpha Reductase 5-Lipoxygenase Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Acyltransferase Adenosine Deaminase Adenosine Kinase Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Aldose Reductase Aminopeptidase Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) ATGL ATP Citrate Lyase Carbonic Anhydrase Carboxypeptidase Cathepsin CETP COMT Cytochrome P450 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Dopamine β-hydroxylase E1/E2/E3 Enzyme Elastase Enolase FAAH FABP Factor Xa Farnesyl Transferase Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) FXR Glucokinase GSNOR Gutathione S-transferase HCV Protease Hexokinase HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase HIV Integrase HIV Protease HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) HSP Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Lactate Dehydrogenase LXR MAGL Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mitochondrial Metabolism MMP Nampt NEDD8-activating Enzyme Neprilysin PAI-1 PDHK PGC-1α Phosphatase Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Phospholipase Procollagen C Proteinase Proteasome Pyruvate Kinase RAR/RXR Renin ROR Ser/Thr Protease SGK Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Thrombin Tryptophan Hydroxylase Tyrosinase Xanthine Oxidase
Neuronal Signaling >
5-HT Receptor AChE Adenosine Kinase Amyloid-β Beta-secretase CaMK CGRP Receptor COMT Dopamine Receptor Dopamine Transporter FAAH GABA Receptor GlyT iGluR Imidazoline Receptor mAChR Melatonin Receptor Monoamine Oxidase nAChR Neurokinin Receptor Opioid Receptor Serotonin Transporter γ-secretase
NF-κB >
NF-κB IKK Keap1-Nrf2 MALT1
PI3K/Akt/mTOR >
Akt AMPK ATM/ATR DNA-PK GSK-3 MELK mTOR PDK-1 PI3K PI4K PIKfyve PTEN
PROTAC >
PROTAC E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate Ligand for E3 Ligase PROTAC Linker PROTAC-linker Conjugate for PAC
Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >
Ack1 ALK Bcr-Abl BMX Kinase Btk c-Fms c-Kit c-Met/HGFR Discoidin Domain Receptor DYRK EGFR Ephrin Receptor FAK FGFR FLT3 IGF-1R Insulin Receptor IRAK Itk PDGFR PKA Pyk2 ROS Src Syk TAM Receptor Trk Receptor VEGFR
Stem Cell/Wnt >
Casein Kinase ERK Gli GSK-3 Hedgehog Hippo (MST) JAK Notch Oct3/4 PKA Porcupine ROCK sFRP-1 Smo STAT TGF-beta/Smad Wnt YAP β-catenin γ-secretase
TGF-beta/Smad >
TGF-beta/Smad PKC ROCK TGF-β Receptor
Vitamin D Related >
VD/VDR
Others >
Androgen Receptor Aromatase Estrogen Receptor/ERR Progesterone Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor Others

Tonlamarsen

Tonlamarsen is a angiotensinogen synthesis reducer, with antihypertensive activity[1].

  • CAS Number: 2589926-20-3
  • MF: C241H349N65O12P16S12
  • MW: 7021.06
  • Catalog: Cardiovascular Disease
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Triptophenolide

Triptophenolide is a colorless crystalline plate isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii. IC50 value:Target:In vitro: Triptophenolide can remarkably inhibit the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction induced by DNCB and BSA; and diminished the peripheral blood ANAE+lymphocytes in rats and micc. Moreover, triptophenolide can dramatically increase the amount of total serum complement and significautly decrcase the serum antibody products (1gG ) of rats and mice. The phagocytosis of perioneal exudate macrophages in mice present double effects in vitro [1].In vivo:

  • CAS Number: 74285-86-2
  • MF: C20H24O3
  • MW: 312.403
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 490.0±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 232-233ºC
  • Flash Point: 202.4±21.5 °C

Protein Kinase C (19-31)

Protein Kinase C (19-31), a peptide inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), derived from the pseudo-substrate regulatory domain of PKCa (residues 19-31) with a serine at position 25 replacing the wild-type alanine, is used as protein kinase C substrate peptide for testing the protein kinase C activity. Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 121545-65-1
  • MF: C67H118N26O16
  • MW: 1543.82
  • Catalog: PKC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Piperilate

Piperilate (Pipethanate) is one of the mixtures of hetrazepine derivative PAF antagonists with anticholinergics, can be used for bronchial asthma research. Piperilate also causes hypotension and rescues mice poisoned by the organophosphates[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 4546-39-8
  • MF: C21H25NO3
  • MW: 339.42800
  • Catalog: AChE
  • Density: 1.155 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 444.1ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 222.4ºC

Iguratimod

Iguratimod is an antirheumatic agent, acts as an inhibitor of COX-2, with an IC50 of 20 μM (7.7 μg/mL), but shows no effect on COX-1. Iguratimod also inhibits macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with an IC50 of 6.81 μM.

  • CAS Number: 123663-49-0
  • MF: C17H14N2O6S
  • MW: 374.368
  • Catalog: Inflammation/Immunology
  • Density: 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 580.6±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 238.0 to 242.0 °C
  • Flash Point: 304.9±32.9 °C

Benzyl(2R)-3-N,N-dibenzylamino-2-fluoropropanoate-13C3

Benzyl(2R)-3-N,N-dibenzylamino-2-fluoropropanoate-13C3 is a 13C-labeled and deuterium labeled Benzyl(2R)-3-N,N-dibenzylamino-2-fluoropropanoate[1].

  • CAS Number: 1217853-98-9
  • MF: C2113C3H24FNO2
  • MW: 380.43
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Imiloxan hydrochloride

Imiloxan hydrochloride is a potent and selective alpha 2B-adrenoceptor antagonist. Imiloxan hydrochloride has the potential for acute kidney injury research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 81167-22-8
  • MF: C14H17ClN2O2
  • MW: 280.75
  • Catalog: Adrenergic Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

2-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside

2-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate for β-glucosidase. 2-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside can be used to test β-glucosidase activity[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 2816-24-2
  • MF: C12H15NO8
  • MW: 301.249
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.6±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 572.4±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 300.0±30.1 °C

AZD2858

AZD2858 is a potent, orally active GSK-3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.9 and 5 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively, used in the research of fracture healing.

  • CAS Number: 486424-20-8
  • MF: C21H23N7O3S
  • MW: 453.517
  • Catalog: GSK-3
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

HDAC-IN-44

HDAC-IN-44 is a HDAC inhibitor with the IC50 value of 61.2 nM. HDAC-IN-44 shows high anticancer activity towards multiple cancer cell lines[1].

  • CAS Number: 2414921-46-1
  • MF: C26H27BrN4O4
  • MW: 539.42
  • Catalog: HDAC
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Bisdemethoxycucurmin (p,p'-Dihydroxydicinnamoylmethane), a curcuminoid, has antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 24939-16-0
  • MF: C19H16O4
  • MW: 308.328
  • Catalog: Inflammation/Immunology
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 551.3±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 91-93℃
  • Flash Point: 301.3±25.2 °C

WM382

WM382 is an orally active and potent dual plasmepsin IX/X (PMIX/X) inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.4 nM and 0.03 nM, respectively. WM382 has robust in vivo efficacy at multiple stages of the malaria parasite life cycle and an excellent resistance profile[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 2606990-92-3
  • MF: C29H36N4O4
  • MW: 504.62
  • Catalog: Infection
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

L-DOPA sodium

L-DOPA (Levodopa) sodium is an orally active metabolic precursor of neurotransmitters dopamine. L-DOPA sodium can cross the blood-brain barrier and is converted into dopamine in the brain. L-DOPA sodium has anti-allodynic effects, and can be used for Parkinson's disease research[1][2][3].

  • CAS Number: 63302-01-2
  • MF: C9H10NNaO4
  • MW: 219.17
  • Catalog: Dopamine Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Moexipril

Moexipril is an orally active and potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Moexipril can readily penetrate lipid membranes and thus target plasma and tissue ACE. Moexipril may improve endothelial dysfunction and exert neuroprotective effects. Moexipril can used for cardiovascular disease research[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 103775-10-6
  • MF: C27H34N2O7
  • MW: 498.57
  • Catalog: Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 709.3±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 382.8±32.9 °C

IDD388

IDD388 is a potent aldose reductase (ALR2 or AKR1B1) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.4 uM, shows weak inhibition for AKR1B10 (IC50=4.4 uM).

  • CAS Number: 314297-26-2
  • MF: C16H12BrClFNO4
  • MW: 416.627
  • Catalog: Aldose Reductase
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Ara-G

9-β-D-Arabinofuranosylguanine is a Guanosine (HY-N0097) analog and shows high affinity for deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) with a Km of 8.0 μM. 9-β-D-Arabinofuranosylguanine can be used for the research of T-cell lymphoblastic disease[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 38819-10-2
  • MF: C10H13N5O5
  • MW: 283.241
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 2.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 775.9ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 225°C(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 423.1ºC

H-D-Phe(4-F)-OH.HCl

H-D-Phe(4-F)-OH.HCl is a phenylalanine derivative[1].

  • CAS Number: 122839-52-5
  • MF: C9H11ClFNO2
  • MW: 219.641
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.293g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 313.3ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 245 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 143.3ºC

Pinatuzumab

Pinatuzumab is a CD22 monoclonal antibody. Pinatuzumab targets the cell-surface antigen CD22. Pinatuzumab can be used for synthesis of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) to research several diseases including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

eIF4A3-IN-18

eIF4A3-IN-18 (compound 74) is a silvestrol (HY-13251) analogue. eIF4A3-IN-18 interferes the assembling of eIF4F translation complex with EC50 values of 0.8, 35 and 2 nM for myc-LUC, tub-LUC and the growth inhibition for MBA-MB-231 cells. eIF4A3-IN-18 also has cytotoxicity to RMPI-8226 cells with an LC50 of 0.06 nM. eIF4A3-IN-18 can be used for the research of human cancer pathogenesis[1].

  • CAS Number: 1402931-84-3
  • MF: C29H28N2O6
  • MW: 500.54
  • Catalog: Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF)
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

GADOPENTETIC ACID

Gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA) is an paramagnetic contrast agent commonly implemented by a bolus intravenous injection (i.v.) in Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) studies. The initial concentration of Gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in the plasma ([Gd-DTPA0]) is an important parameter for DCE-MRI. [Gd-DTPA0] is related to the administered bolus dose and varies with subjects. A bolus of 0.025 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA offers shorter acquisition time and less exposure of subjects, with a half-life of 37.3 mins, a mean residence time of 53.8 mins, and an AUC of 3.37 ± 0.47 mmol/min/L[1].

  • CAS Number: 80529-93-7
  • MF: C14H20GdN3O10
  • MW: 547.57300
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 721.1ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 129ºC (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 389.9ºC

Sulamserod

Sulamserod is a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, with antiarrhythmic activities.

  • CAS Number: 219757-90-1
  • MF: C19H28ClN3O5S
  • MW: 445.96100
  • Catalog: 5-HT Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Emetine dihydrochloride hydrate

Emetine dihydrochloride hydrate is an anti-protozoal drug previously used for intestinal and tissue amoebiasis.

  • CAS Number: 7083-71-8
  • MF: C29H40N2O4.2HCl.H2O
  • MW: 571.58
  • Catalog: Parasite
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Favezelimab

Favezelimab (MK-4280) is a humanized anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between LAG-3 and its ligand MHC class II. Favezelimab has the potential for colorectal cancer (CRC) research combined with the PD-L1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab (HY-P9902)[1][2].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

PF 04937319

PF-04937319 is a glucokinase activator (GKA) with EC50 value of 154.4  μM, one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus[1].PF-04937319 is designed to maintain glucose-lowering efficacy while mitigating the risk of hypoglycaemia observed with many other GKAs[2].

  • CAS Number: 1245603-92-2
  • MF: C22H20N6O4
  • MW: 432.432
  • Catalog: Glucokinase
  • Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Lucinactant

Lucinactant is a novel synthetic peptide that functionally mimics surfactant protein B, a protein with anti-inflammatory properties. Lucinactant is a KL4-Surfactant, protects human airway epithelium from hyperoxia[1][2][3].

  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

3-Pyridylacetic acid-d4 hydrochloride

3-Pyridylacetic acid-d4 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled 3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride[1]. 3-Pyridineacetic acid hydrochloride is a higher homologue of nicotinic acid, a breakdown product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids)[2][3].

  • CAS Number: 1219802-37-5
  • MF: C7H4D4ClNO2
  • MW: 177.622
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Arecaidine hydrochloride

Arecaidine hydrochloride, a pyridine alkaloid, is a potent GABA uptake inhibitor. Arecaidine hydrochloride is a substrate of H+-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC36A1) and competitively inhibits L-proline uptake[1][2].

  • CAS Number: 6018-28-6
  • MF: C7H12ClNO2
  • MW: 177.62900
  • Catalog: GABA Receptor
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 266.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 260ºC
  • Flash Point: 115.1ºC

NBD-557

NBD-557 is a potentially HIV-1 inhibitor.IC50 Value: Target: HIVNBD-557, is small molecule organic compounds with drug-like properties. It showed potent cell fusion and virus-cell fusion inhibitory activity at low micromolar levels. A systematic study showed that NBD-557 target viral entry by inhibiting the binding of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to the cellular receptor CD4 but did not inhibit reverse transcriptase, integrase, or protease, indicating that they do not target the later stages of the HIV-1 life cycle to inhibit HIV-1 infection. NBD-557 potent inhibitors of both X4 and R5 viruses tested in CXCR4 and CCR5 expressing cell lines, respectively, indicating that its anti-HIV-1 activity is not dependent on the coreceptor tropism of the virus. A surface plasmon resonance study, which measures binding affinity, clearly demonstrated that NBD-557 bind to unliganded HIV-1 gp120 but not to the cellular receptor CD4. NBD-557 was active against HIV-1 laboratory-adapted strains including an AZT-resistant strain and HIV-1 primary isolates, indicating that NBD-557 can potentially be further modified to become potent HIV-1 entry inhibitors.

  • CAS Number: 333352-59-3
  • MF: C17H24BrN3O2
  • MW: 382.29500
  • Catalog: HIV
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A

Promegestone

Promegestone (R-5020), a progestin, is a potent progesterone receptor (PR) agonist. Promegestone has the potential for endocrine regulation and cancer research[1].

  • CAS Number: 34184-77-5
  • MF: C22H30O2
  • MW: 326.47200
  • Catalog: Cancer
  • Density: 1.09 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 486.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 152°
  • Flash Point: 180.4ºC

Glucuronamide

D-Glucuronamide is the derivate of D-glucuronic acid[1].

  • CAS Number: 3789-97-7
  • MF: C6H11NO6
  • MW: 193.155
  • Catalog: Others
  • Density: 1.9±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 545.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 166-167ºC(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 283.8±30.1 °C