FK1052 hydrochloride is a potent 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor dual antagonist.
Asenapine maleate, an antipsychotic, is a 5-HT (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2C, 5A, 6, 7) and Dopamine (D2, D3, D4) receptor antagonist with Ki values of 0.03-4.0 nM for 5-HT and 1.3, 0.42, 1.1 nM for Dopamine receptor, respectively.
Tropisetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and α7-nicotinic receptor agonist with an IC50 of 70.1 ± 0.9 nM for 5-HT3 receptor.IC50 value: 70.1 ± 0.9 nMTarget: 5-HT3 receptor; α7-nicotinic receptorin vitro: Retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) pretreated with 100 nM tropisetron before glutamate increased cell survival to an average of 105% compared to controls. Inhibition studies using the alpha7 nAChR antagonist, MLA (10 nM), support the hypothesis that tropisetron is an effective neuroprotective agent against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity; mediated by α7 nAChR activation. Tropisetron had no discernible effects on pAkt levels but significantly decreased p38 MAPK levels associated with excitotoxicity from an average of 15 ng/ml to 6 ng/ml [2]. Tropisetron, but not granisetron, significantly inhibits the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, over-expresses the CB(1) receptors at both transcriptional and protein levels, and reduces cAMP content in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) [4].in vivo: Animals were treated intracerebroventricularly with tropisetron, mCPBG (selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist) or mCPBG plus tropisetron on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Tropisetron significantly diminished the elevated levels of these markers and reversed the cognitive deficit. Interestingly, tropisetron was also found to be a potent inhibitor of calcineurin phosphatase activity [1]. tropisetron (5mg/kg/day) plus mCPBG (10mg/kg/day), and granisetron (5mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on days 3-35 post-immunization. Treatment with tropisetron and granisetron markedly suppressed the clinical symptoms of EAE (p<0.001) and reduced leukocyte infiltration as well as demyelination in the spinal cord (p<0.05) [3].
(-)-Penbutolol ((S)-Penbutolol) is a potent β-adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor antagonist with Ki values of 11.6 nM and 11.9 nM for 5-HT in rat cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and human CA3. (-)-Penbutolol can increase hippocampal 5-HT output[1][2].
Prucalopride succinate is a selective, high affinity 5-HT4 receptor agonist with pKi of 8.6/8.1 for 5-HT4a/4b.IC50 value:Target: 5-HT4 agonistin vitro: Prucalopride was a 5-HT(4) receptor agonist in the guinea-pig colon, as it induced contractions (pEC(50)=7.48+/-0.06; insensitive to a 5-HT(2A) or 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, but inhibited by a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist) as well as the facilitation of electrical stimulation-induced noncholinergic contractions (blocked by a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist). Prucalopride did not cause relevant inhibition of 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), or 5-HT(3), motilin or cholecystokinin (CCK(1)) receptor-mediated contractions, nor nicotinic or muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated contractions, up to 10 microM [1].in vivo: Rat microdialysis studies revealed that prucalopride maximally increased ACh and histamine levels in the prefrontal cortex at 5 and 10 mg/kg, whereas PRX-03140 significantly increased cortical histamine levels at 50 mg/kg, failing to affect ACh release at doses lower than 150 mg/kg [2].
Cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate is an antihistamine and is an antagonist of serotonin and histamine2.
UCSF648 (Compound 5A6-48) is a chemical probe for the 5-HT5A serotonin receptor. UCSF648 weakly activates ADRA2A and MTNR1A[1].
Ondansetron(GR38032) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as anantiemetic (to treat nausea and vomiting), often following chemotherapy.IC50 Value: Target: 5- HT3 Receptorin vitro: 5-HT evoked transient inward currents (EC50 = 3.4 microM; Hill coefficient = 1.8) that were blocked by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (IC50 = 103 pM) [1]. The 5-HT3A receptor antagonist ondansetron (0.3 nM) reversibly inhibited the 5-HT (30 microM) signal by 70% and at 3 nM it abolished the response [2].in vivo: Acute ondansetron administration at the lowest dose (0.1 mg/kg, IP) tested had no effect, while other doses (0.33 and 1 mg/kg, IP) produced improvements in auditory gating [3]. Different doses of ondansetron were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at fixed times during the day to determine both the sublethal (TD50) and lethal (LD50) doses, which were, respectively, 3.7 +/- 0.6 mg/kg and 4.6 +/- 0.5 mg/kg [4]. ondansetron (0.25-1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) given before the challenge dose of ethanol (2.4 g/kg, intraperitoneally) injection, significantly and dose dependently attenuated the expression of sensitization. In addition, ondansetron (1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) given before ethanol injection on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 significantly blocked the development (days 1, 4, 7, and 10), and expression (day 15) of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effect of ethanol injection [5]. Toxicity: Ondansetron may be safe in lower doses used to prevent nausea and vomiting in radiation treatment or postoperatively. However, as there is a report that a lower dose of ondansetron prolonged the QT interval in healthy volunteers, this needs to be clarified by the FDA [6].
MM 77 dihydrochloride is a potent postsynaptic antagonist of the 5-HT1A receptor. MM 77 dihydrochloride exhibits anxiolytic-like activity[1][2].
Ansofaxine hydrochloride (LY03005; LPM570065) is a triple reuptake inhibitor; inhibits serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake with IC50 values of 723, 491 and 763 nM, respectively.
Blonanserin dihydrochloride is a potent and orally active 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 0.812 and 0.142 nM, respectively. Blonanserin dihydrochloride is usually acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent, and can be used for the research of extrapyramidal symptoms, excessive sedation, or hypotension[1][2].
5-HT2 agonist-1 (Compound 24) free base is a 5-HT2A & 5-HT2B & 5-HT2C agonist, with IC50s of 10 nM, 8.3, and 1.6 nM respectively. 5-HT2 agonist-1 free base can be used for research of depression, alcoholism, tobacco and cocaine addiction, inflammation, cluster headache, PTSD, seizure disorders and other CNS disorders[1].
Methiothepin maleate is a potent and non-selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, with pKds of 7.10 (5-HT1A), 7.28 (5HT1B), 7.56 (5HT1C), 6.99 (5HT1D), 7.0 (5-HT5A), 7.8 (5-HT5B), 8.74 (5-HT6), and 8.99 (5-HT7), and pKis of 8.50 (5HT2A), 8.68 (5HT2B), and 8.35 (5HT2C).
Mesembrine-d3 ((+)-Mesembrine-d3) is the deuterium labeled Mesembrine. Mesembrine ((+)-Mesembrine) a main alkaloid that features an aryloctahydroindole skeleton. Mesembrine is a 5-HT transporter inhibitor with a Ki of 1.4 nM. Mesembrine also inhibits phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) with an IC50 of 7.8 μM[1][2].
(S)-Volinanserin is an isform of Volinanserin (HY-14940). Volinanserin is a potent and selective antagonist of 5-HT2 receptor, with a Ki of 0.36 nM, and shows 300-fold selectivity for 5-HT2 receptor over 5-HT1c, alpha-1 and DA D2 receptors. Volinanserin has antipsychotic activity.
MK-212 (CPP) is a centrally acting 5-HT1C/5-HT2 agonist. MK-212 can stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cerebral cortex[1].
Relenopride (YKP10811) hydrochloride is a specific and selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist (Ki=4.96 nM). Relenopride hydrochloride has 120-fold and 6-fold lower affinity, respectively, for 5-HT2A (Ki=600 nM) and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki=31 nM) than for 5-HT4. Relenopride hydrochloride increases gastrointestinal (GI) motility[1][2].
Org-12962 is a potent, selective and orally active 5-HT2C receptor agonist with a pEC50 value of 7.01. Org-12962 also exhibits high effacy for the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor with pEC50s of 6.38 and 6.28, respectively[1][3].Org-12962 displays antiaversive effects in a rat model of panic-like anxiety[2].
Belaperidone (LU-111995), a 5-HT2A receptor inhibitor, possesses antidopaminergic and antiserotonergic effects[1].
SB 258719 (hydrochloride) is a selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist displayed high affnity (pKi=7.5) for the receptor. SB-258719 (hydrochloride) can be used for the research of cancer and neurological diseases[1][2].
Xanthotoxol is a biologically active linear furocoumarin, shows strong pharmacological activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, 5-HT antagonistic, and neuroprotective effects.
WAY-100635 maleate is a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A antagonist with an IC50 of 0.95 ± 0.12 nM for 5-HT.IC50 Value: 0.95 nMTarget: 5-HT Receptorin vitro: WAY 100635 has an IC50 of 1.35 nM and is > 100-fold selective for the 5-HT1A site relative to a range of other CNS receptors. The Bmax of [3H]WAY 100635 specific binding is consistently 50-60% greater than that of the agonist radioligand, [3H]8-OH-DPAT. Mn2+, but not guanine nucleotides, inhibits [3H]WAY 100635-specific binding. WAY 100635 has no 5-HT1A receptor agonist actions, but dose-dependently blocks the effects of agonists at both the postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and the somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptor locates on dorsal raphe 5-HT neurones. [3H]WAY 100635 has a Kd of approximately 2.5 nM. In the isolated guinea-pig ileum WAY 100635 is a potent and, at high concentrations, an insurmountable antagonist of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist action of 5-carboxamidotryptamine, with an apparent pA2 value (at 0.3 nM) of 9.71. in vivo: WAY 100635 blocks the inhibitory action of 8-OH-DPAT on dorsal raphe neuronal firing in the anaesthetised rat at doses which has no inhibitory action per se. In behavioural models, WAY 100635 itself induces no overt behavioural changes but potently antagonises the behavioural syndrome induced by 8-OH-DPAT in the rat and guinea-pig (minimum effective dose = 0.003 mg/kg s.c. and ID50 = 0.01 mg/kg s.c., respectively). WAY 100635 also blocks the hypothermia induced by 8-OH-DPAT in the mouse and rat with ID50 values of 0.01 mg/kg s.c.
Org 12962 hydrochloride is a potent, selective and efficacious 5-HT2C receptor agonist and exhibits pEC50 values of 7.01, 6.38 and 6.28 for 5-HT2C, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2A, respectively. Org 12962 hydrochloride is effective in panic-like anxiety animal model[2].
Ondansetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as anantiemetic (to treat nausea and vomiting), often following chemotherapy.Target: 5- HT ReceptorIC50 Value: in vitro: 5-HT evoked transient inward currents (EC50 = 3.4 microM; Hill coefficient = 1.8) that were blocked by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (IC50 = 103 pM) [1]. The 5-HT3A receptor antagonist ondansetron (0.3 nM) reversibly inhibited the 5-HT (30 microM) signal by 70% and at 3 nM it abolished the response [2].in vivo: Acute ondansetron administration at the lowest dose (0.1 mg/kg, IP) tested had no effect, while other doses (0.33 and 1 mg/kg, IP) produced improvements in auditory gating [3]. Different doses of ondansetron were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at fixed times during the day to determine both the sublethal (TD50) and lethal (LD50) doses, which were, respectively, 3.7 +/- 0.6 mg/kg and 4.6 +/- 0.5 mg/kg [4]. ondansetron (0.25-1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) given before the challenge dose of ethanol (2.4 g/kg, intraperitoneally) injection, significantly and dose dependently attenuated the expression of sensitization. In addition, ondansetron (1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) given before ethanol injection on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 significantly blocked the development (days 1, 4, 7, and 10), and expression (day 15) of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effect of ethanol injection [5]. Toxicity: Ondansetron may be safe in lower doses used to prevent nausea and vomiting in radiation treatment or postoperatively. However, as there is a report that a lower dose of ondansetron prolonged the QT interval in healthy volunteers, this needs to be clarified by the FDA [6].
Vortioxetine D8 is a deuterium labeled Vortioxetine. Vortioxetine is an inhibitor of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT3A, 5-HT7 receptor and SERT, with Ki values of 15 nM, 33 nM, 3.7 nM, 19 nM and 1.6 nM, respectively[1][2][3][4][5].
Robalzotan hydrochloride (NAD-299 hydrochloride) is a potent and selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) inhibitor. Robalzotan hydrochloride increases the firing rate of 5-HT cells. Robalzotan hydrochloride induces 5-HT1A receptor occupancy. Robalzotan hydrochloride has the potential for the research of a cholinergic deficit in the central -nervous system[1][2][3].
Risperidone hydrochloride is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor blocker and a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, with Kis of 0.16, 1.4 nM for 5-HT2 and D2 receptor, respectively.
(Rac)-SEP-363856 is the racemate of SEP-363856. SEP-363856（SEP-856）, an orally active and CNS active psychotropic agent with a unique, non-D2/5-HT2A mechanism of action, exerts its antipsychotic-like effects. SEP-363856 （SEP-856） has the potential for the treatment of schizophrenia[1].
Buspirone is an orally active 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Buspirone is a potent anticancer agent. Buspirone shows antiproliferative activity. Buspirone can be used for anxiety, depression and cancer research[1][2].
S-14671 is a high-affinity 5-HT1A agonist (pKi=9.3). S-14671 can be used for research on neurological diseases, such as anti-anxiety, anti-depression, etc[1].