Nedocromil sodium suppresses the action or formation of multiple mediators, including histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2).
Betazole (Ametazole), a pyrazole analogue of histamine, is an orally active H2 receptor agonist. Betazole induces gastric acid secretion, and causes an immediate and significant increase in common bile duct pressure. Betazole has been used as a diagnostic agent known as histalog, for investigating gastric acid secretory capacity[1][2][3].
Cimetidine (SKF-92334) hydrochloride is an orally active and inverse histamine H2 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.6 μM. Cimetidine hydrochloride is a gastric acid reducer, and can be used for duodenal and gastric ulcers research. Cimetidine hydrochloride has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity[1][2][5].
4'-O-Methylnyasol is an inhibitor of β-hexosaminidase. 4'-O-Methylnyasol inhibits β-hexosaminidase release from rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells with an IC50 of 52.67 μM[1].
Benztropine-d3 (mesylate) is the deuterium labeled Benztropine mesylate[1]. Benztropine mesylate (Benzatropine mesylate) is an orally active centrally acting anticholinergic agent that can be used for Parkinson's disease research. Benztropine mesylate is an anti-histamine agent and a dopamine re-uptake inhibitor. Benztropine mesylate is also a human D2 dopamine receptor allosteric antagonist. Benztropine mesylate also has anti-CSCs (cancer stem cells) effects[2][3].
SUVN-G3031 (SUVN-G 3031) is a potent, selective, orally active histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist with Ki of 8.73 nM (hH3R); exhibited an IC50 of 20 nM with progressive inhibition of (R)-α-methylhistamine (0.03 µM) induced agonist activity in [35S]-GTPγS binding assay using CHO-K1 cells expressing human H3R membranes; reverses (R)-α-methylhistamine induced dipsogenia in vivo. Parkinson Disease Phase 1 Clinical
SUN 1334H is a potent, orally active, highly selective H1 receptor antagonist, with Ki of 9.7 nM.
Nedocromil suppresses the action or formation of multiple mediators, including histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2).
Ketotifen (HC 20-511) is an orally active second-generation noncompetitive histamine 1 (H1) receptor blocker and mast cell stabilizer. Ketotifen can block 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in vitro. Ketotifen also has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza virus. Ketotifen can be used to the research of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and asthma attack prevention[1][2][3][4].
Perphenazine dihydrochloride is an orally active dopamine receptor and histamine-1 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 0.56 nM (D2), 0.43 nM (D3), .6 nM (5-HT2A), respectively. Perphenazine dihydrochloride also binds to Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor. Perphenazine dihydrochloride inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis. Perphenazine dihydrochloride can be used in the research of mental disease, cancer, inflammation[1][3][5].
Hydroxyzine pamoate is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist.Target: Histamine H1-ReceptorHydroxyzine inhibits carbachol (10 μM)-induced serotonin release by 34% at 10 μM, by 25% 1 μM and by 17% 0.1 μM in pretreated bladder slices for 60 min [1]. Hydroxyzine (0.1 mM) treatment inhibits the progression and severity of EAE by 50% and the extent of mast cell degranulation by 70% in Lewis rats with allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) [2]. Hydroxyzine (500 M) significantly increases transport of etoposide to the serosal site in the jejunal everted sacs. Hydroxyzine significantly reduces the efflux and approximately 2.4 ug/mL of etoposide in the jejunum and ileum. Hydroxyzine (0.2 μg/mL) significantly enhances the efflux of RH123 to the lumen [3].Hydroxyzine (500 μM) significantly decreases the steady-state etoposide concentration 2-fold, where the steady-state concentration reached about 0.055 μM/mL in Sprague-Dawley rats [3]. Hydroxyzine (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg i.p.) shows little direct analgesic activity but markedly potentiates only the effect of morphine on the vocalization after-discharge which represents the affective component of pain in rats. Hydroxyzine (50 mg/kg i.p.) potentiates morphine on the tail-flick test, while Hydroxyzine (12.5 mg/kg i.p.) decreases morphine antinociception in rats [4].
Betahistine is an orally active histamine H1 receptor agonist and a H3 receptor antagonist[1]. Betahistine is used for the study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)[3].
Cimetidine sulfoxide (Cimetidine sulphoxide) is a sulfoxide metabolite of Cimetidine. Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Cimetidine has the potential for peptic ulcer disease and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage treatment[1].
Ketotifen (fumarate) is a second-generation noncompetitive H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer, which is used to prevent asthma attacks.Target: Histamine Receptor Ketotifen is a second-generation noncompetitive H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. It is most commonly sold as a salt of fumaric acid,ketotifen fumarate, and is available in two forms. In its ophthalmic form, it is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis, or the itchy red eyes caused by allergies. In its oral form, it is used to prevent asthma attacks. Side effects include drowsiness, weight gain, dry mouth, irritability, and increased nosebleeds.Ketotifen relieves and prevents eye itchiness and/or irritation associated with most seasonal allergies. It starts working within minutes after administering the drops. The drug has not been studied in children under three. The mean elimination half life is 12 hours. Besides its anti-histaminic activity, it is also a functional leukotriene antagonist and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The drug may also help relieve the symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome.
Methapyrilene (Thenylpyramine) hydrochloride is an orally active H1-receptor antihistamine and an anticholinergic agent of the pyridine chemical class. Methapyrilene hydrochloride has hepatotoxicity and can be used as a hepatotoxin that cause periportal hepatic necrosis in vivo[2]
Thonzylamine is an orally active H1 histamine receptor antagonist, exhibits good antihistaminic and antianaphylactic properties. Thonzylamine can be used for the research of hypersensitivity diseases, nasal congestion, allergic conjunctivitis and other allergic diseases[1][2].
Clemastine Fumarate is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 3 nM.Target: Histamine H1 ReceptorClemastine Fumarate inhibits histamine induced rise in [Ca2+]i in HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 3 nM as compared with that of chlorpheniramine or diphenhydramine with IC50 values of 20 nM and 100 nM, respectively [1]. Clemastine showed a first-pass reduction in the extent of absorption, with oral bioavailability calculated as 39.2 +/- 12.4%. Extravascular distribution of drug was suggested by the high volume of distribution (799 +/- 315 L) and low Cmax (0.577 +/- 0.252 ng/mL/mg) observed at 4.77 +/- 2.26 hours after administration, and by the biphasic decline in plasma concentration. The terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of clemastine was 21.3 +/- 11.6 hours. Steady-state concentrations of clemastine were consistent with linear pharmacokinetic processes, and clearance was unaffected by age in the range studied, or by race [2].
(R)-(-)-α-Methylhistamine dihydrochloride is a potent, selective and brain-penetrant agonist of H3 histamine receptor, with a Kd of 50.3 nM[1][2]. (R)-(-)-α-Methylhistamine dihydrochloride can enhance memory retention, attenuates memory impairment in rats[3][4][5].
(±)-Tazifylline is a potent, selective and long-acting histamine H1 receptor antagonist.
Cinnarizine D8 is a deuterium labeled Cinnarizine. Cinnarizine is an antihistamine and a calcium channel blocker.
Setastine (EGIS-2062 (free acid); EGYT-2062 (free acid) is an orally effective, non-sedative and long acting anti-allergic agent. Setastine possesses potent histamine Hi-receptor blocking properties and can be used for allergies and rhinitis research[1]<.
Benztropine mesylate is an orally active centrally acting anticholinergic agent that can be used for Parkinson's disease research[1]. Benztropine mesylate is an anti-histamine agent and a dopamine re-uptake inhibitor. Benztropine mesylate is also a human D2 dopamine receptor allosteric antagonist. Benztropine mesylate also has anti-CSCs (cancer stem cells) effects[2].
ST-1006 is a potent histamine H4 receptor agonist with a pKi value of 7.94. ST-1006 has anti-inflammatory effect[1][2].
Thioperamide maleate (MR-12842 maleate) is a potent, orally available, brain penetrant and selective H3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 4.3 nM for inhibition of [3H]histamine release. Thioperamide maleate inhibits [3H]histamine synthesis with a Ki of 31 nM[1].
UNC9994, an analog of Aripiprazole, is a functionally selective β-arrestin-biased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist with EC50 <10 nM for β-arrestin-2 recruitment to D2 receptors. UNC9994 is simultaneously partial agonists of β-arrestin-2 translocation and antagonists of Gi-regulated cAMP production. Antipsychotic Activity[1].
VUF-10497 is a histamine H4 receptor inverse agonist (pKi = 7.57). VUF-10497 was found to possess anti-inflammatory properties in vivo in the rat. VUF-10497 also possesses a considerable affinity for the human histamine H1 receptor.
JNJ-7777120 is a selective H4R antagonist with Ki of 4 ±1 nM, exhibits >1000-fold selectivity over the other histamin receptors.IC50 value: 4 ±1 nM (Ki) [1] Target: histamine H4 receptorin vitro: JNJ-7777120 prevents fibronectin-induced lung fibroblast migration, thus suggesting that H4R could represent an attractive target for the development of new drugs for lung fibrosis treatment .[2]in vivo: JNJ 7777120 blocks histamine-induced chemotaxis and calcium influx in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. In addition, it can block the histamine-induced migration of tracheal mast cells from the connective tissue toward the epithelium in mice. JNJ 7777120 significantly blocks neutrophil infiltration in a mouse zymosan-induced peritonitis model. [3]
Tripelennamine citrate, an ethylenediamine derivative, is a potent histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Tripelennamine citrate lessens the allergic response of the organism caused by histamine. Tripelennamine citrate can be used for the research of rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and allergic and anaphylactic reactions[1][2][3].
Cetirizine D4 is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].
Cetirizine D8 is a deuterium labeled Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Cetirizine marks antiallergic properties and inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during the allergic response[1][2][3].