Inorganic acid ester

The inorganic acid ester refers to a reaction of an alcohol with an oxygen-containing inorganic acid or an organic acid to form an ester (inorganic acid ester or organic acid ester) and water. For example, sulfuric acid and ethanol, nitric acid and glycerol or pentaerythritol are esterified to form important inorganic acid esters. The compound formed by dehydration of an acid (inorganic acid and organic acid) and an alcohol is an ester. Can be divided into inorganic acid esters (such as dimethyl sulfate, methyl hydrogen sulfate, glyceryl trinitrate, tributyl phosphate, etc.) and organic acid esters (such as ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate, alpha-methacrylic acid Ester, etc.) two types. But the latter is more important. Intramolecular or intermolecular esterification of a hydroxy acid (alkyd) can also be divided into two types, lactone and lactide. Esters are generally neutral and will undergo hydrolysis. Carboxylic esters undergo reactions such as transesterification (alcoholysis), aminolysis, reduction (hydrogenolysis), and Grignard reaction. Usually referred to as a carboxylic acid ester. The formula RCOOR' is a product in which a hydrogen on a carboxyl group in a carboxylic acid molecule is substituted with a hydrocarbon group. The name of the ester is based on the name of the corresponding carboxylic acid and alcohol or phenol, such as "an acid ester." The cyclic ester is called lactone (Lactone). The chemical properties of the ester are similar to those of the acid halide anhydride, which are prone to hydrolysis, alcoholysis and aminolysis. The lower esters are aromatic, volatile, colorless liquids, and the higher esters are solids. Esters are important solvents and synthetic raw materials, and some esters are themselves pharmaceuticals. Depending on the type of acid, esters can be classified into inorganic acid esters and organic acid esters, the former such as methyl hydrogen sulfate CH3OSO3H and the latter such as ethyl acetate CH3COOCH2CH3; depending on the type of hydrocarbon group, esters can be further divided into fatty esters and aromatic esters and rings. Ester, ethyl acetate is a fatty ester, phenyl acetate is an aromatic ester, and methyl decanoate is a cyclic ester. In a broad sense, the reaction of an alcohol and an acid to form an ester is esterification. However, it generally refers to the esterification of an acid, and the esterification of an alcohol is referred to as acylation. Esterification is reversible, and the ester is hydrolyzed with water to form the original alcohol (or phenol) and acid. It is generally carried out under conditions such as the presence of a catalyst (hydrogen ion) and heating to shorten the time required to reach equilibrium.