Androgen and anabolic hormone drugs

Androgen mainly refers to a class of endocrine hormones synthesized by the gonads (testis). The cells in which testes synthesize androgen are mesenchymal cells. In addition, the adrenal cortex can also synthesize a certain amount of androgen, and the ovaries can also synthesize trace amounts of androgens. Androgens promote the development of male accessory organs such as epididymis, prostate and penis, and promote male sexual characteristics such as beards, pubic hair and maintenance of male sexual desire. In addition, it also plays a certain role in regulating systemic metabolism. Androgen has a strong role in promoting protein synthesis, which makes the body positively balance nitrogen. This is especially true in children, such as promoting skeletal muscle development and promoting calcium deposition in bone. To thicken and grow bones, and to increase basal metabolism and stimulate red blood cell production. Mechanism of action It is now believed that the androgen testosterone enters the prostate, epididymis and other target cells and transforms into 5α-dihydrotestosterone and non-covalent binding of specific receptors in the cytoplasm, and undergoes conformational changes to form active complexes, which then enter the nucleus and act on chromatin. Non-histone, thereby promoting the synthesis of certain ribonucleic acids and proteins. Androgen promotes RNA polymerase and aminoacyltransferase, promotes hexokinase and phosphofructokinase in glycolysis, and promotes mitochondrial cellular respiratory enzymes to supply the energy required for cellular anabolism. There are some derivatives of testosterone whose torogenic activity is greatly attenuated, while assimilation remains or enhances. These compounds are called anabolic hormones. Assimilation hormones have obvious promotion of protein synthesis, muscle development, weight gain, promotion of immunoglobulin synthesis, enhance the body's immune function and anti-infective ability, excite bone marrow hematopoietic function, promote kidney secretion of erythropoietin and bone marrow Synthesis of methicone. Clinically used for aplastic anemia, senile osteoporosis and so on.